Odds ratio-based group sequential analysis for joint binomial and inverse binomial sampling

We consider two treatment comparison in a clinical trial setup where the responses from one treatment are a priori known for a fixed number of individuals and patients are allocated in a groupsequential way for the other treatment using inverse sampling. We consider the odds ratio as the measure of treatment difference at the end of each group, where for the calculation of odds ratios we consider the full data on one treatment, which are a priori known, and the available data on the other treatment up to that point of time. We have calculated the optimal number of index subjects for inverse sampling and examine the effects of different type I and type II error spending functions on group sequential testing in this context. The methodology is illustrated by using a real data set.     

占空比对Fe-Ni-Cr合金镀层成分及耐蚀性的影响

采用脉冲电沉积方法在黄铜基体上制备出纳米晶Fe-Ni-Cr合金镀层,并研究了占空比对其成分及耐蚀性的影响。结果表明:当占空比为50%时,制备的Fe-Ni-Cr合金镀层成分稳定,其中Cr的质量分数达到37.4%;晶粒尺寸约为12.6nm;在3.5%的NaCl溶液中的自腐蚀电位约为-200mV,自腐蚀电流密度约为0.27μA/cm2,电荷转移电阻约为12 000Ω/cm2,耐蚀性最好。     

大掺量粉煤灰再生混凝土配合比试验研究

试验研究了水胶比、粉煤灰掺量和再生粗骨料取代率对大掺量粉煤灰再生混凝土抗压强度的影响。正交试验结果表明,大掺量粉煤灰再生混凝土7d、14d、28d、56d、90d抗压强度的最主要影响因素为粉煤灰掺量,其次为水胶比及再生粗骨料取代率,通过正交设计可以得出大掺量粉煤灰再生混凝土的配合比设计方法。     

Occurrence and Source Apportionment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Urban Residential Soils from National Capital Region,Uttar Pradesh,India

This study aims to investigate the level of priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and identification of their potential sources in residential soils. During the study, a total 36 soil samples collected from twelve residential locations at Sahibabad-Ghaziabad area of western Uttar Pradesh, India, a constituted part of the National Capital Region of India. Samples extracted using ultrasonication, cleaned with silica and analyzed by diode array detector–high-performance liquid chromatography using acetonitrile/water as mobile phase. The 25th and 75th percentile concentration of ∑PAHs was 264 μg kg^?1 and 584 μg kg^?1, respectively, with mean and median of 445 μg kg^?1 and 421 μg kg^?1. The detection frequency of PAHs in all samples was lower for low molecular weight PAHs (19%) than high molecular weight PAHs (81%). The concentration of seven probable carcinogenic PAHs accounted for 67% of the ∑PAHs. PAHs toxicity potential as benzo(a)pyrene toxicity equivalent ranged between 2.52–253 μg BaP_TEQ kg^?1. Composition profile of PAHs with different aromatic rings and selected diagnostic molecular ratios suggested the local pyrogenic sources of PAHs from vehicular emissions, diesel engines, biomass combustion, gasoline, and coal combustions.     

Construction and experimental investigation of the R-δ_f-type welding window

In this study,a new R-δ_f-type welding window on charge parameters is constructed by determining the boundary conditions of the explosive ratio.The R-δ_f-type welding window synthetically considers the explosive properties and material properties,and can quickly determine the explosive charge at different welding materials with different thickness.In order to test the practicability and accuracy of the R-δ_f-type welding window,410 S stainless steel and QSA5 R low alloy steel plates were explosively welded using 15 mm charge determined by the new window.Microstructures of the bonded sections were examined and then shear tests were carried out on the bonded specimens.Microstructural examination showed the joint interface was transformed from micro wavy to small wavy appearance without microstructure defects.Shear tests results showed interfacial shear strength was much higher than that of the national first grade standard.So the R-Sj-type welding window has strong practicability and accuracy and is helpful to the practical production and application of explosive welding composite materials.     

基于柔度比优化设计杠杆式柔性铰链放大机构

分析与研究了柔性铰链的柔度特性,用于柔性放大机构的优化设计。提出了一个通用的柔度比参数λ,探讨了具有不同柔度比λ的柔性铰链主要输出位移形式的灵敏度,分析了它对常用柔性铰链的柔度特性的影响规律。然后,以柔性铰链的柔度比λ为基本参数,在考虑柔性铰链转动中心偏移量的基础上,推导了二级杠杆式柔性铰链放大机构放大率的理论计算方法,并依据柔性铰链的柔度比特性提出了柔性放大机构的优化设计方法。开展了有限元仿真和实验研究。结果显示,优化后的柔性放大机构的放大率比优化前的放大率分别提高了0.234和0.23。实验表明,依据柔性铰链的柔度比λ对柔性放大机构进行优化设计能够有效地提高柔性放大机构的位移放大率与工作行程,进而提高放大机构的末端运动及定位精度。     

基于柔性铰链的柔性放大机构参数化设计

为了对柔性微位移放大机构进行优化设计,有必要对柔性铰链及柔性放大机构进行参数化分析与研究。提出了一个通用的结构参数ε,探讨了ε对不同柔性铰链柔度系数的影响规律,并横向比较了常用柔性铰链的柔度特性。另一方面,基于柔度特性的影响分析,提出了新的参数柔度比λ,重点分析了不同柔度比λ的柔性铰链主要输出位移形式的灵敏度。以实际的桥式柔性微位移放大机构为例,利用参数ε和λ实现了该柔性放大机构的参数化设计,并用有限元软件进行了仿真计算。实验测量结果表明,对基于柔性铰链的柔性微位移放大机构进行参数化设计,最终输出位移行程与有限元仿真设计的结果误差率为3.80%。基于柔性铰链的结构参数ε和柔度比λ对柔性放大机构进行参数化设计是可行且正确的,有利于这一类柔性放大机构的优化设计。     

表面波纹度对超大滑滚比条件下线接触热弹流润滑的影响

采用数值分析方法研究超大滑滚比(2.0≤S≤∞)条件下表面波纹度对线接触热弹流润滑(EHL)的影响。分析在不同滑滚比条件下的表面波纹度的变形情况,研究表面速度和载荷对零卷吸工况下的油膜厚度、压力和温度分布的影响。结果表明,在大滑滚比条件下下,表面波纹度的变形随滑滚比的增加而减小;油膜凹陷深度和压力峰高度随表面速度降低而增加外,温升随表面速度增加而增加。     

树脂基圆弧金刚石砂轮的在位精密成形修整技术

针对球面、非球面及自由曲面超精密磨削加工用树脂基圆弧形金刚石砂轮难以精密修整的问题,提出基于旋转绿碳化硅(GC)磨棒的在位精密成形修整技术。在分析GC磨棒和圆弧砂轮几何关系的基础上,确定修整过程中圆弧插补轨迹的补偿方法及GC磨棒运动轨迹的设计方案。采用KEYENCE激光测微仪采集砂轮圆弧特征点,表征圆弧砂轮的修整状况。研究不同粒度的GC磨棒、进给深度和圆弧插补速度对圆弧金刚石砂轮修整率和修整精度的影响规律。研究结果表明,该修整方法可根据加工曲率半径要求实现不同圆弧半径砂轮的精密在位修整,修整后可自动消除砂轮垂直方向的位置偏差;采用400#和800#的GC磨棒对D3和D7砂轮均有较高的修整率(0.7~6.7);与400#和1500#的GC磨棒相比,800#GC磨棒更适合粒度为D3和D7圆弧金刚石砂轮的精密修整;相比圆弧插补速度,进给深度对砂轮的圆弧半径尺寸误差和形状误差影响更大,进给深度越小,圆弧半径尺寸误差和形状误差越小;修整后两种砂轮的圆弧半径误差均可控制在5%以内,D3砂轮的形状误差可控制在3μm/4 mm以内,D7金刚石砂轮可控制在6μm/4 mm以内,修整后比修整前形状误差提高14倍左右。     

基于混合建模的磨煤机一次风量预测算法研究

针对直接拟合得到的磨煤机一次风量黑箱软测量模型收敛性差、预测准确度较低的问题,在对风量测量进行机理特性分析的基础上,建立了一种以黑箱建模为主的结构逼近式混合软测量模型。黑箱模型部分采用最小二乘支持向量机(LSSVM)算法,并将机理特性融入到LSSVM模型中,经过输入变量类变换层的整合,将辅助变量中的压力信号转换为差压类、压力与温度的比值作为密度类、与一次风管路阻力相关的测点信号转换为风门风阻类,作为LSSVM模型的输入变量。应用电厂实际运行数据对一次风量进行预测,与直接拟合的预测效果相比,所建立的混合软测量模型收敛性好、预测精度高(引用误差波动0.54%),可为电厂生产中控制合理的风煤配比关系提供准确度更高的一次风量预测值。