基于临界Buck-Boost的新型单级交直变换器

针对现有可高压输入单级交直变换器功率因数校正单元磁性器件数量偏多的问题,本文提出了一种基于临界Buck-Boost和LLC谐振电路的单级交直变换器,所提变换器在实现功率因数校正(PFC,power factor correction)的基础上,既保留了LLC谐振电路软开关的优良特性,又实现了开关管和Buck-Boost电感的磁集成。本文在详细分析所提变换器工作原理的基础上搭建了一台100 W的样机。其中,样机额定工作状态下功率因数(PF,power factor)值为0.974、总谐波失真(THD,total harmonic distortion)为17%、效率为90.6%,所得结果验证了所提变换器的优良特性。     

图像中的文本定位技术研究综述

介绍了图像中文本定位技术的研究现状,依据定位所利用的特征进行分类,分析了其中几种典型算法,并对文本定位算法的性能评价标准进行了深入讨论。     

预测帧编码中基于场景信息的宏块模式跳过算法*

在对场景信息进行分析的基础上,提出了H.264/AVC中预测帧的一种快速算法.对于未发生场景切换的预测帧,采用INTRA模式跳过算法(IMSA),跳过该帧中所有的INTRA模式的决策过程.对于发生场景切换的预测帧,跳过INTER模式的决策过程(PMSA).仿真结果显示,与采用完整的率失真优化(RDO)决策过程相比,未发生场景切换时,所提方法能减少30%～60%的编码时间;发生场景切换时,能减少60%～70%的编码时间,并且未导致明显的图像质量下降和码率的增加.     

精确定位的高带宽新型音圈电机驱动器研究

为了在极高磁道密度（TPI）的硬盘中快速寻道定位、读取数据,研发了一种新型高带宽驱动器组件.该新型高带宽驱动器的音圈电机（VCM）具有独特的音圈结构和磁极（体）排列.在电磁设计中,应用三维有限元分析法（FEA）对一些关键电磁参数及主要结构尺寸进行了优化;预测了系统的动态性能.分析表明,新型音圈电机驱动器产生的电磁力形成了纯力矩,降低了轴承和轴上的反作用力,与传统驱动器相比,更好地抑制了影响伺服带宽的横向准刚性体震动模式（QR模式）,使驱动系统能在高TPI下快速跟踪和精确定位.实验测试了系统的频率响应特性,与理论设计符合得较好.     

基于Super-Twisting算法的内燃机车永磁同步发电系统策略研究

为了使内燃机车永磁同步发电系统在内燃机全速范围内和突变性负载条件下均能稳定控制中间直流环节电压且减小电压的脉振,采用Super-Twisting高阶滑模算法对电压外环进行控制得到给定转矩,与传统PI外环控制相比,中间直流环节电压开始的超调减小,且电压跟随性、稳定性得到提升。同时,为了提高发电系统变流器容量利用率,在矢量控制的基础上,提出改进的功率因数控制策略对电机进行控制。仿真试验表明,所提发电系统在内燃机宽转速范围、突变性负载条件下,可以得到平稳且能够快速恢复的中间直流电压。同时,发电系统在切换转矩内无功功率基本能稳定在零附近,超过切换转矩后无功功率依旧保持较低水平,提高了变流器容量利用率。     

基于改进快速幂次趋近律的永磁同步电机滑模控制

针对永磁同步电机(PMSM)滑模控制指数趋近律中趋近速度与抖振之间的矛盾问题,基于快速幂次趋近律提出一种幂次项系数自适应调节的新型趋近律。所提趋近律将系统状态引入幂次项系数中,实现了系统状态由较远处到滑模面附近的趋近过程中加入幂次项的作用,在保证幂次项特点的前提下,动态响应过程的收敛速度大大提高。负载转矩是滑模速度控制器中的一个扰动项,设计了带有幂次项的滑模观测器,将观测值作为转矩前馈补偿。仿真结果表明,与快速幂次趋近律相比,所提趋近律具有更快的收敛速度,负载观测器能准确跟踪负载变化,提升了系统抗扰性能。     

Early-Life Development of the Bifidobacterial Community in the Infant Gut

The establishment of the gut microbiota poses implications for short and long-term health. Bifidobacterium is an important taxon in early life, being one of the most abundant genera in the infant intestinal microbiota and carrying out key functions for maintaining host-homeostasis. Recent metagenomic studies have shown that different factors, such as gestational age, delivery mode, or feeding habits, affect the gut microbiota establishment at high phylogenetic levels. However, their impact on the specific bifidobacterial populations is not yet well understood. Here we studied the impact of these factors on the different Bifidobacterium species and subspecies at both the quantitative and qualitative levels. Fecal samples were taken from 85 neonates at 2, 10, 30, 90 days of life, and the relative proportions of the different bifidobacterial populations were assessed by 16S rRNA–23S rRNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region sequencing. Absolute levels of the main species were determined by q-PCR. Our results showed that the bifidobacterial population establishment is affected by gestational age, delivery mode, and infant feeding, as it is evidenced by qualitative and quantitative changes. These data underline the need for understanding the impact of perinatal factors on the gut microbiota also at low taxonomic levels, especially in the case of relevant microbial populations such as Bifidobacterium. The data obtained provide indications for the selection of the species best suited for the development of bifidobacteria-based products for different groups of neonates and will help to develop rational strategies for favoring a healthy early microbiota development when this process is challenged.     

Elucidation of the Clustered Nano-Architecture of Radiation-Induced DNA Damage Sites and Surrounding Chromatin in Cancer Cells: A Single Molecule Localization Microscopy Approach

In cancer therapy, the application of (fractionated) harsh radiation treatment is state of the art for many types of tumors. However, ionizing radiation is a “double-edged sword”—it can kill the tumor but can also promote the selection of radioresistant tumor cell clones or even initiate carcinogenesis in the normal irradiated tissue. Individualized radiotherapy would reduce these risks and boost the treatment, but its development requires a deep understanding of DNA damage and repair processes and the corresponding control mechanisms. DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) and their repair play a critical role in the cellular response to radiation. In previous years, it has become apparent that, beyond genetic and epigenetic determinants, the structural aspects of damaged chromatin (i.e., not only of DSBs themselves but also of the whole damage-surrounding chromatin domains) form another layer of complex DSB regulation. In the present article, we summarize the application of super-resolution single molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) for investigations of these structural aspects with emphasis on the relationship between the nano-architecture of radiation-induced repair foci (IRIFs), represented here by γH2AX foci, and their chromatin environment. Using irradiated HeLa cell cultures as an example, we show repair-dependent rearrangements of damaged chromatin and analyze the architecture of γH2AX repair clusters according to topological similarities. Although HeLa cells are known to have highly aberrant genomes, the topological similarity of γH2AX was high, indicating a functional, presumptively genome type-independent relevance of structural aspects in DSB repair. Remarkably, nano-scaled chromatin rearrangements during repair depended both on the chromatin domain type and the treatment. Based on these results, we demonstrate how the nano-architecture and topology of IRIFs and chromatin can be determined, point to the methodological relevance of SMLM, and discuss the consequences of the observed phenomena for the DSB repair network regulation or, for instance, radiation treatment outcomes.     

冲击荷载作用下热处理花岗岩动态力学特性研究

为研究冲击速度和热处理温度对黑云母花岗岩动态力学特性的影响,利用改进的霍普金森压杆系统对25~800 ℃共9个温度等级的热处理试样分别进行3种弹速下的冲击压缩试验。试验结果表明：随着冲击速度的增加,25~700 ℃热处理试样的应力—应变曲线由“Ⅱ型”转变为“Ⅰ型”,而800 ℃热处理试样均表现出“Ⅰ型”应力—应变曲线特征。同一温度热处理下试块的峰值应力、应变和平均应变均随动荷载的升高而增大。相同的冲击速度下,300 ℃热处理试样的动力学性能有所改善,500 ℃后试样的动力学性能开始逐渐劣化。同一温度热处理试样的破碎程度随冲击速度的增加而增加;相同冲击速度下,热处理试样的破碎程度随温度的升高先减弱后增强。     

单级单开关不连续导电模式功率因数校正电路新方案

分析了几种单级单开关不连续导电、带输出电压隔离的功率因数校正电路，分别讨论了其优缺点，并提出了一种新的功率因数校正电路。