新型功能高分子材料及其应用

功能高分子是一类具有特殊用途的高分子材料 ,印迹高分子、敏感性水凝胶和固定化酶是三种较有特色的功能高分子材料。该文将对上述三种功能高分子材料以及它们在生化分离、生物催化、物质分析与检测以及药物控制释放中的应用做一介绍 ,同时也对它们的不足和发展前景进行了评述     

聚酯的摩尔质量与机械性能研究——Ⅰ.动态力学性能

应用粘弹谱仪考察了不同摩尔质量的聚酯(PET、PBT、PBT/PET)的动态力学性能,结果表明摩尔质量增大将提高其模量,但亦导致结晶速度变慢,使测得的模量反而比摩尔质量较低的试样小.     

低截留分子质量新型聚芳醚腈酮超滤膜的研制

以新型聚芳醚腈酮为膜材料 ,以N -甲基 - 2 -吡咯烷酮 (NMP)为溶剂 ,研究了聚合物浓度、添加剂种类及含量、凝胶浴温度等对超滤膜性能的影响。结果表明 ,聚合物质量分数以 1 2 %～ 1 3 %为合适的制膜浓度 ,以聚乙二醇PEG - 4 0 0为添加剂时获得了高截留率和高水通量的超滤膜。随着凝胶浴温度的升高 ,水通量明显增大 ,而截留率有所下降 ,而共聚物的浓度增加则有相反的效果。制得的超滤膜具有较低的截留分子量 (PEG- 2 0 0 0 ) ,将制得的超滤膜用于达旦黄、黄X-G等染料的分离 ,截留率均达 90 %以上     

Synthesis and characterization of aromatic polyisoimides derived from PMDA and para-diamines. An approach to in situ generated rigid-rod molecular composites

A new concept for the processing and fabrication of rigid-rod molecular composites aiming at the elimination or minimization of phase separation is proposed. This approach calls for a coil-like aromatic polyisoimide which is soluble and compatible with an amorphous matrix polymer or thermosettable oligomer and can undergo facile transformation to the corresponding rigid-rod polyimide in solid composite state, thus imparting the inherently high strength/high modulus properties to the final form. To this end, various synthetic routes were explored to obtain para-diamines which could afford high molecular weight and aprotic-solvent-soluble polyisoimides upon polymerization with pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA). Four such polyisoimides were prepared, with their inherent viscosities ranging from 0.25 to 1.89 dl g⁻¹ in dimethylacetamide at 30°C. Facile thermally induced isoimide-imide conversion was demonstrated by solid-state (film) Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. A preliminary evaluation of the compatibility of the polyisoimide/matrix resin was made. In one instance, a film prepared from the polyisoimide derived from PMDA and 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) showed no visually detectable phase separation.     

Adhesion Mechanisms of Polyurethanes to Glass Surfaces I. Structure-Property Relationships in Polyurethanes and Their Effects on Adhesion to Glass

Polyurethanes were prepared from toluene diisocyanate (TDI), 1-4-butane diol (BDO) and polycaprolactone-based triols with varying molecular weights. Among each molecular weight triol-based urethane, hard segment content was varied from 20% to 70%. Differential scanning calorimetry, tensile testing, and Iosipescu shear testing were done on all the various urethanes prepared. Thermal characterization data revealed the dependence of phase separation on hard segment content as well as on the triol molecular weight. Tensile data and Iosipescu shear data further confirmed the observations made from the DSC data. The data further indicated that phase separation can greatly improve the modulus of cross-linked segmented urethanes. Adhesion of these urethanes to glass surface was evaluated using soda-lime float glass plate. Urethane samples were cast on the air side of the glass plates and adhesion was measured in shear mode. Adhesion data indicated that in addition to hard segment content, modulus, cross-link density, and molecular weight of the triols, phase separation seems to be a major factor in controlling adhesion. Surfaces of the failed adhesion samples were also analyzed and the failure mode was found to be cohesive, in varying degree, with the different urethane systems.     

CrAPO-5和CrAPSO-5的合成及对环己烷氧化的研究

以三乙胺为模板剂，在合成过程中直接加入了硝酸铬及硅溶胶，水热合成了CrAPO-5和CrAPSO-5杂原子磷铝分子筛。以丙酮为溶剂，过氧化氢为氧化剂，考察了环己烷氧化制取环己酮的反应。反应12h、n(H2O2)／n(C6H12)=1．0、催化剂通量0．01-0．05g，环己烷的转化率最高可达到11．0％，酮醇比可达到1．39。     

采矿法方案优选指标权数的动态分析

在采矿方案优选的研究中，其决策的正确与否，取决于参与计算的采矿法的定量、定性指标个数以及这些指标的权数。本文通过实例分析了指标权数的波动对采矿方案优劣排序的影响，以减小决策的风险。     

Hydroxyls nests in defective silicalites and strained structures derived upon dehydroxylation: vibrational properties and theoretical modelling

Defective silicalite, an efficient and selective catalyst in the gas phase Beckmann rearrangement reaction, has been characterised by infrared spectroscopy and by molecular modelling techniques. We report a detailed IR study on the effect of outgassing treatments at increasing temperature on silanols bands and on framework modes. The effect of a temperature decrease up to 100 K (during the IR measurement) on the H-bonding interactions has also been investigated. The interaction of silanols with mesitylene, a probe molecule which cannot penetrate the channels, has been studied in order to distinguish between internal and external OH groups. Molecular mechanics and ab initio methods have also been used to model the structure and the vibrational features of a properly designed nest in order to support the assignments of the IR spectrum.     

超高分子相对质量部分水解聚丙烯酰胺合成研究

选择AM均聚后水解工艺路线,采用新型复配引发体系,合成作为油田驱油剂的超高相对分子质量聚丙烯酰胺(简称PAM).在所选高效的引发体系下,考察了主要聚合反应因素对产品平均分子相对质量的影响,确定了聚合工艺条件溶液的pH值为11～11.5,W(单体)为45%,W(引发剂)为70×10-6,W(链转移剂)为1.3×10-6.在优化的聚合条件下,合成了相对分子质量高达25×106,水解度在20%～30%可调,过滤比小于1.3的聚丙烯酰胺.     

分子蒸馏过程模型化研究进展

介绍了分子蒸馏基本原理和常用分子蒸馏设备 ,系统地对分子蒸馏过程模型化的研究进展情况进行了叙述 ,重点介绍了蒸发系数法、液体内部传质传热和蒸馏区惰性气体压力对分子蒸馏的影响等方面的研究结果 ,并对其进行了评述 ,同时对分子蒸馏过程研究的进一步发展提出了一些展望。