Enhancing Post-Stroke Rehabilitation and Preventing Exo-Focal Dopaminergic Degeneration in Rats—A Role for Substance P

Dopaminergic signaling is a prerequisite for motor learning. Delayed degeneration of dopaminergic neurons after stroke is linked to motor learning deficits impairing motor rehabilitation. This study investigates safety and efficacy of substance P (SP) treatment on post-stroke rehabilitation, as this neuropeptide combines neuroprotective and plasticity-promoting properties. Male Sprague Dawley rats received a photothrombotic stroke within the primary motor cortex (M1) after which a previously acquired skilled reaching task was rehabilitated. Rats were treated with intraperitoneal saline (control group, n = 7) or SP-injections (250 µg/kg) 30 min before (SP-pre; n = 7) or 16 h (SP-post; n = 6) after rehabilitation training. Dopaminergic neurodegeneration, microglial activation and substance P-immunoreactivity (IR) were analyzed immunohistochemically. Systemic SP significantly facilitated motor rehabilitation. This effect was more pronounced in SP-pre compared to SP-post animals. SP prevented dopaminergic cell loss after stroke, particularly in the SP-pre condition. Despite its proinflammatory propensity, SP administration did not increase stroke volumes, post-stroke deficits or activation of microglia in the midbrain. Finally, SP administration prevented ipsilesional hypertrophy of striatal SPergic innervation, particularly in the SP-post condition. Mechanistically, SP-pre likely involved plasticity-promoting effects in the early phase of rehabilitation, whereas preservation of dopaminergic signaling may have ameliorated rehabilitative success in both SP groups during later stages of training. Our results demonstrate the facilitating effect of SP treatment on motor rehabilitation after stroke, especially if administered prior to training. SP furthermore prevented delayed dopaminergic degeneration and preserved physiological endogenous SPergic innervation.     

基于线性二次最优控制PID参数优化方法的泵控马达系统研究

结合电液比例控制试验台上的泵控马达系统的组成、液压回路原理,重点讨论试验台上的泵控马达系统的恒速控制问题;建立变量泵控制马达系统的动态特性数学模型; 提出泵控马达恒速控制系统的控制方法:PID控制与LQR控制.从理论上分析两种控制策略的方法、关系以及优缺点.用MATLAB软件对系统进行仿真,分析两种控制策略在不同的负载条件下的阶跃响应,得出相应的马达转速响应曲线图.从仿真结果看,LQR调节的性能优于PID控制,说明采用LQR调节器作为泵控马达恒速控制系统的控制方法是良好的.     

基于单片机的双螺杆挤压机压力模糊控制器的设计方法

双螺杆挤压机的压力控制系统具有非线性和不确定性,不能用经典的线性反馈系统进行控制.利用模糊控制原理对直流电动机转速进行精确控制,有效克服非线性和不确定性等因素的影响,达到满意的控制效果.     

河南电网重要负荷特性研究

电动机群负荷和电解铝整流负荷是电力负荷的重要组成部分。根据大扰动过程中电动机群负荷对系统稳定性影响较大的特点,在河南电网濮阳供电区的中原油田进行了110 kV线路三相短路故障试验。针对电解铝整流负荷的电压特性,在河南电网焦作供电区沁阳铝厂进行了调节电压的小干扰试验。介绍了河南电网人工扰动试验的方案和实施情况。由于试验过程中严格按照试验方案和预定步骤操作,上述实验没有对河南主网的安全稳定运行造成影响,获得了完整清晰的试验数据,达到了预期的试验目的。     

弯扭复合模态超声电机振子的优化设计

针对目前超声电机振子主要采用纵振或弯振复合而较少采用扭曲振动的形式,该文设计了一种弯扭复合模态的超声电机振子,该振子的振动模态由一阶扭转振动模态和二阶弯曲振动模态耦合而成.采用有限元法对二阶弯曲振动模态和一阶扭转振动模态固有频率在不同振子尺寸参数下的规律进行分析,并将这些规律拟合为两个多维函数的基础上,以提高二阶弯曲振...     

基于同步马达的液压多缸同步提升系统仿真研究

同步马达在多液压缸同步控制中具有广泛的应用,但由于各液压缸之间的工况差异,偶尔造成同步误差偏大且难以解决的问题。利用MATLAB建立同步马达控制四缸同步提升系统的SimHydraulics模型并进行仿真研究,通过控制变量法研究确定了同步马达控制方式下同步误差的主要影响因素,并在此基础上提出一种基于均值偏差进行换向阀流量补偿的控制策略。仿真结果表明,该控制策略能够有效消除由于工况差异造成的同步误差。     

基于HJI方法的感应电动机运行故障检测

运用鲁棒故障检测设计理论中的HJI(Hamilton-Jacobi-lssacs)不等式方法对感应电动机运行故障进行故障检测设计.文中给出了感应电动机的动态数学模型并对其进行扩展,构成了广义系统.在此基础上,使用鲁棒检测理论中的HJI不等式对运行故障进行了理论分析和推导,得出了用于进行故障检测的递推公式.通过对电机定子绕组、径向振动以及瞬时功率等方面的仿真实验研究表明,使用这种检测方法可以提高检测的鲁棒性,避免误检,同时满足各项性能指标的要求,而且检测结果较传统方法有较大提高.     

一种新颖的相位/转速混合电机控制结构

针对转速反馈电机控制系统中实际转速与期望转速存在偏差无法绝对消除,造成电机转过的角度误差会随时间累积的问题,提出了一种相位/转速混合控制结构。在转速环路基础上增加了相位环路,通过外部输入一个频率稳定的参考方波信号,由混合环路控制电机转速,达到期望值。同时控制电机转过的角度时刻,跟踪参考方波信号的相位,与其保持同步锁定,从而保证电机转过的角度误差不再随时间累积。具体分析了混合控制结构的设计原理,并通过搭建工程实物电机系统进行验证。在参考方波信号频率为100 Hz的情况下,系统达到的技术指标为：稳定时间≤2 s,稳态时转速精度为6 000±10 r/m,相位差≤±50μs。     

From Molecules to Behavior in Long-Term Inorganic Mercury Intoxication: Unraveling Proteomic Features in Cerebellar Neurodegeneration of Rats

Mercury is a severe environmental pollutant with neurotoxic effects, especially when exposed for long periods. Although there are several evidences regarding mercury toxicity, little is known about inorganic mercury (IHg) species and cerebellum, one of the main targets of mercury associated with the neurological symptomatology of mercurial poisoning. Besides that, the global proteomic profile assessment is a valuable tool to screen possible biomarkers and elucidate molecular targets of mercury neurotoxicity; however, the literature is still scarce. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effects of long-term exposure to IHg in adult rats’ cerebellum and explore the modulation of the cerebellar proteome associated with biochemical and functional outcomes, providing evidence, in a translational perspective, of new mercury toxicity targets and possible biomarkers. Fifty-four adult rats were exposed to 0.375 mg/kg of HgCl₂ or distilled water for 45 days using intragastric gavage. Then, the motor functions were evaluated by rotarod and inclined plane. The cerebellum was collected to quantify mercury levels, to assess the antioxidant activity against peroxyl radicals (ACAPs), the lipid peroxidation (LPO), the proteomic profile, the cell death nature by cytotoxicity and apoptosis, and the Purkinje cells density. The IHg exposure increased mercury levels in the cerebellum, reducing ACAP and increasing LPO. The proteomic approach revealed a total 419 proteins with different statuses of regulation, associated with different biological processes, such as synaptic signaling, energy metabolism and nervous system development, e.g., all these molecular changes are associated with increased cytotoxicity and apoptosis, with a neurodegenerative pattern on Purkinje cells layer and poor motor coordination and balance. In conclusion, all these findings feature a neurodegenerative process triggered by IHg in the cerebellum that culminated into motor functions deficits, which are associated with several molecular features and may be related to the clinical outcomes of people exposed to the toxicant.     

用变频器实现水库泄洪闸的智能控制

针对传统泄洪闸控制系统的通病,采用通用变频控制技术改造泄洪闸电机控制系统实现智能控制,该方案应用于工程实践,效果良好.