Working Memory Capacity and the Antisaccade Task: Individual Differences in Voluntary Saccade Control.

Performance on antisaccade trials requires the inhibition of a prepotent response (i.e., don't look at the flashing cue) and the generation and execution of a correct saccade in the opposite direction. The authors attempted to further specify the role of working memory (WM) span differences in the antisaccade task. They tested high- and low-span individuals on variants of prosaccade and antisaccade trials in which an eye movement is the sole requirement. In 3 experiments, they demonstrated the importance of WM span differences in both suppression of a reflexive saccade and generation of a volitional eye movement. The results support the contention that individual differences in WM span are not exclusively due to differences in inhibition but also reflect differences in directing the focus of attention. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

东海盆地西南部地质特征与油气分布探讨

本文根据近3×10~4km地震和13口探井及其它地球物理、地质等方面资料,综合分析认为:东海盆地西南部与盆地其它部分在发育演化、构造运动、沉积环境等方面差异甚大。 盆地西南部(杭州湾—冲绳岛断裂以南地区)发育演化经历了断陷—坳陷—隆起—铺盖四个阶段。始新世末期的隆起在研究区演化史上有15～20Ma的沉积间断、剥蚀。这段历程,盆地其它部分未曾经历。其次是区内始新世末期抬升运动,致使始新统及以下老地层受剥蚀,仅始新统最大剥蚀量达1000m,这是盆地内绝无仅有的。第三是第三纪以海相沉积环境为主,特别在始新世,为海侵高潮,海城宽阔达8000km~2,这时盆地东北部正接受陆相沉积。研究区中部(北东向)可能存在超压泥岩及多套生油岩系,应为有利生油气区。研究区可能是盆地最有油气远景地区之一。     

油田开发经济运行质量研究与应用

提出了油田开发经济运行质量的研究方法和技术思路。对胜利油区几种典型的油藏类型进行了经济运行质量评价。以老河口油田桩106块为例，提出了提高油田经济运行质量的三条基本途径，取得了较好的实际应用效果。     

一种新的基于极大似然估计的系统辨识方法

进化计算是一种基于自然选择和自然变异机制的并行随机优化算法。由于递推极大似然估计法难以实现性能指标函数的全局寻优，所以本文提出了将改进的进化计算用于系统参数辨识的方法。计算机仿真结果表明，该算法能够实现似然函数的全局寻优。     

Speakers gaze at objects while preparing intentionally inaccurate labels for them.

When describing scenes, speakers gaze at objects while preparing their names (Z. M. Griffin & K. Bock, 2000). In this study, the authors investigated whether gazes to referents occurred in the absence of a correspondence between visual features and word meaning. Speakers gazed significantly longer at objects before intentionally labeling them inaccurately with the names of similar things (e.g., calling a horse a dog) than when labeling them accurately. This held for grammatical subjects and objects as well as agents and patients. Moreover, the time spent gazing at a referent before labeling it with a novel word or accurate name was similar and decreased as speakers gained experience using the novel word. These results suggest that visual attention in speaking may be directed toward referents in the absence of any association between their visual forms and the words used to talk about them. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

推进波作用下的底泥起动

在介绍推进波作用下底泥起动特点的基础上，将上层水体作为粘性流体，底泥作为粘弹性体，推导了推进波作用下泥床面剪应力的表达式，并根据试验结果，给出了推进波作用下底泥起动时的床面剪应力与底泥流变参数的关系。     

Object Retrieval in the 1st Year of Life: Learning Effects of Task Exposure and Box Transparency.

Before 12 months of age, infants have difficulties coordinating and sequencing their movements to retrieve an object concealed in a box. This study examined (a) whether young infants can discover effective retrieval solutions and consolidate movement coordination earlier if exposed regularly to such a task and (b) whether different environments, indexed by box transparency, would impact the rate of learning and time of discovery of these solutions. Infants (N=12) were presented with an object retrieval task every week from 6 1/2 months of age until they were able to retrieve the toy from the box using coordinated two-handed patterns for 3 weeks. To reach that criterion, infants tested with an opaque box took 2 1/2 months and infants tested with a semitransparent box took 1 1/2 months. Both groups outperformed age-matched controls who received a one-time exposure to the task. Repeated exposure to the task and vision of the toy significantly enhanced this process of solution discovery. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The three-dimensional architecture of the mitotic spindle,analyzed by confocal fluorescence and electron microscopy

Fluorescence microscopy techniques have become important tools in mitosis research. The well-known disadvantages of fluorescence microscopy, rapid bleaching, phototoxicity and out-of-focus contributions blurring the in-focus image are obstacles which still need to be overcome. Confocal fluorescence microscopy has the potential to improve our capabilities of analyzing cells, because of its excellent depth-discrimination and image processing power. We have been using a confocal fluorescence microscope for the study of the mechanism of poleward chromosome movement, and report here (1) a cell preparation technique, which allows labeling of fixation sensitive spindle antigens with acceptable microtubule preservation; (2) the use of image processing methods to represent the spatial distribution of various labeled elements in pseudocolour; (3) a novel immunoelectron microscopic labeling method for microtubules, which allows the visualization of their distribution in semithin sections at low magnification; and (4) a first attempt to study microtubule dynamics with a confocal fluorescence microscope in living cells, microinjected with rhodamine labeled tubulin. Our experience indicates that confocal fluorescence microscopy provides real advantages for the study of spatial colocalization of antigens in the mitotic spindle. It does not, however, overcome the basic limits of resolution of the light microscope. Therefore, it has been necessary to use an electron microscopic method. Our preliminary results with living cells show that it is possible to visualize the entire microtubule network in stereo, but that the sensitivity of the instrument is still too low to perform dynamic time studies. It will be worthwhile to further develop this new type of optical instrumentation and explore its usefulness on both fixed and living cells.     

最大似然反褶积软件包的研制与应用

本文简明地介绍最大似然反褶积的基本原理、软件包的研制过程和应用效果。 最大似然反褶积是美国80年代研究出的一种地震资料处理新方法,它有效地解决了传统褶积模型中无法进行信噪分离的矛盾。经松辽盆地实践证明,它可以求出高分辨率和高信噪比的反射系数、最小相位化子波、合成记录、相对层速度和绝对层速度。与国外的VELOG和SEISLOG处理软件的处理结果相比,分辨率和信噪比均有很大的提高。 在软件包的研制过程中,我们主要解决了数学模型复杂和运算速度慢的问题,使最大似然反褶积在CYBER-855S计算机上成为可实用的数字处理技术。 该项技术在大庆油田朝阳沟地区进行了初步应用,结果表明,对薄层地震响应的分辨能力有明显的提高。与井岩性柱状图对比,6m以上的砂层都可以分辨出来,并且对应得比较准确。有些3m的薄层也可以找到。 该软件包的研制成功并在地震资料处理中得到应用,这在国内是首创。