应力强度因子对镍基合金应力腐蚀开裂裂尖力学特性的影响

以紧凑拉伸试样为研究对象,通过加载不同大小的应力强度因子KI,用有限元方法研究了不同状态下SCC裂尖氧化膜和基体金属的应力分布规律。结果表明:裂尖区域氧化膜和基体金属对裂尖应力强度因子KI的变化敏感度不同;随着KI的增大,氧化膜破裂前和破裂后应力应变在裂尖区域的分布规律均发生了变化,该变化对裂纹扩展有一定的促进作用。     

轴承润滑膜厚度超声检测法的可检测范围研究

对于轴承润滑膜厚度的超声检测,分析了影响刚度模型检测法可检测范围与检测准确性的因素,对比了两种不同轴承材料时刚度模型法可检测厚度范围的变化情况,并进行了实验检测与分析。结果表明:检测轴承与轴颈的介质材料对刚度模型法可检测范围影响较大,不同材料时刚度模型法具有不同的可检测厚度范围。以水润滑轴承材料为例,轴承材料为不锈钢时,刚度模型法最大可检测厚度约为10μm,并且亚微米级厚度的检测分辨率高于微米级;当轴承材料为石墨时,刚度模型法更适合于2~50μm范围内润滑膜厚度的检测。     

低碳中铬钢在模拟CO2-EOR环境下的腐蚀行为

 为了研究Cr5和Cr7(质量分数/%)钢在CO₂-EOR高温高压服役条件下的腐蚀机理,利用高温高压反应釜模拟其腐蚀行为,使用失重法测定了腐蚀速率,采用SEM、EDS、XRD和XPS等手段对腐蚀产物进行了观察与分析,探讨了试验钢在CO₂条件下的腐蚀机理,并提出了腐蚀模型。研究结果表明,Cr5钢的腐蚀速率为0.734 75 mm/a,Cr7钢的腐蚀速度为0.217 32 mm/a;腐蚀产物均由外层的FeCO₃晶体以及内层的非晶态FeCO₃和Cr(OH)₃组成;腐蚀初期,产物膜以原位形成和阳极溶解后逐渐沉积两种途径生成;产物完全覆盖基体后,离子在界面处的扩散后沉积成为产物膜生长的主要途径。     

泥浆钻进的钻孔强化洗井应采取的措施

介绍了应用机械和理化综合洗井的方法 ,钻进速度低 ,井管难以下设计深度     

交流薄膜电致发光显示器灰度产生方法的探讨

本文夼绍了交流薄膜电致发光显示器几种灰度产生的原理以及实现方案,并对这些方案进行了分析和对比。探讨了一种实现更高灰度级的新方案。     

对依兰煤田钻孔缩径挤夹钻具事故的认识

针对依兰煤田钻探施工中出现的钻孔缩径挤夹钻具事故,提出产生事故的根本原因不是因岩层本身膨胀所致,而是由于某种岩层裂隙发育,渗透性良好,吸水性强,使钻孔孔壁泥皮迅速增厚所致,并提出预防事故的具体措施。     

Optimization of CdTe thin‐film solar cell efficiency using a sputtered,oxygenated CdS window layer

A major source of loss in cadmium sulfide/cadmium telluride (CdS/CdTe) solar cells results from light absorbed in the CdS window layer, which is not converted to electrical current. This film can be made more transparent by oxygen incorporation during sputter deposition at ambient temperature. Prior to this work, this material has not produced high‐efficiency devices on tin oxide‐coated soda‐lime‐glass substrates used industrially. Numerous devices were fabricated over a variety of process conditions to produce an optimized device. Although the material does not show a consistent increase in band gap with oxygenation, absorption in this layer can be virtually eliminated over the relevant spectrum, leading to an increase in short‐circuit current. Meanwhile, fill factor is maintained, and open‐circuit voltage increases relative to baseline devices with sublimated CdS. The trend of device parameters with oxygenation and thickness is consistent with an increasing conduction band offset at the window/CdTe interface. Optimization considering both initial efficiency and stability resulted in a National Renewable Energy Laboratory verified 15.2%‐efficient cell on 3.2‐mm soda‐lime glass. This window material was shown to be compatible with SnO₂‐based transparent conducting oxide and high resistance transparent coated substrates using in‐line compatible processes. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd     

Sugar Beet Grown Using Nutrient Film Technique: Yield and Nutritional Quality

Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L cv Great Western Sugar) was grown using the nutrient film technique with a half-strength modified Hoagland nutrient solution to determine its biomass yield and nutritional quality. After 6 months, storage root and foliage weights per plant were 493·1 g and 551·0 g, respectively. Sucrose content in the fresh storage root was 118·4 g kg⁻¹ but was less than 10 g kg⁻¹ in the fresh leaves and petioles. Some nutrients in the leaves and petioles were analysed to evaluate their potential as a leafy vegetable. Fresh leaf protein, total dietary fibre, mineral (Ca, Mg, Zn, Fe and K), vitamin (carotene, ascorbic acid and thiamine) and oxalic acid concentrations were similar to those of consumer-accepted green vegetables.     

Condensation of organic binary mixtures flowing horizontally in a horizontal tube bundle

Both heat and mass transfer in the gas phase and heat transfer in the liquid phase are examined experimentally for film condensation of organic binary mixtures such as ethanol-water and methanol-water. Experimental results on the average heat flux, vapor-liquid interface temperature and liquid-phase Nusselt number are compared with analytical solutions based on stagnant film theory and heat-transfer relationships for film condensation from a pure vapor. Experimental heat transfer results agree well with the analytical solutions, except that the experimental liquid-phase Nusselt numbers under conditions of low mass fraction of water are considerably higher than predicted by the analytical solutions. This high value of the liquid-phase Nusselt number is considered to be caused by dropwise condensation in the liquid phase. However, its effect on the tube bundle is not so remarkable compared with that in gravity-controlled condensation on a vertical surface. This is considered to be caused by the condensate inundation effect. © 1997 Scripta Technica, Inc. Heat Trans Jpn Res, 25(6): 342–361, 1996     

Free chlorine fixation and the protective film in boundary lubrication

Wax chloride is an older type of additive which releases free chlorine when it is hydrolysed or when it is in conditions of boundary lubrication. The chlorine forms a protective film of ferro-chloride but, on the other hand, it severely rusts the iron, the main reason for its discontinuance since the 1960s. In this paper, epoxy plant oil is recommended as a means to absorb effectively and fix the free chlorine, then transform it into chlorohydroxyl oil and polyether. Rust corrosion can be controlled, and the absorbent transformed into a ferro-chloride protective film on the frictional surfaces of the iron during rubbing. The free chlorine can thus be transformed directly into a protective film. With a dynamic test for the reaction of absorption HCl, a friction test, an anti-rust test, electron spectroscopy and infrared spectroscopy analysis, the underlying principles and effects of chlorine fixation have been confirmed. This method has been applied to cold squeezing, and tested with EP industrial gear oil. The price of wax chloride is much less than the standard additive containing sulphur and phosphorus, and its properties are almost the same. It is concluded that wax chloride could still be viable for use in lubricants.