Upper bound limit analysis of roof collapse in shallow tunnels with arbitrary cross sections under condition of seepage force

The analytical solutions for predicting the exact shape of collapse mechanisms in shallow tunnels with arbitrary excavation profiles were obtained by virtue of the upper bound theorem of limit analysis and variation principle according to Hoek-Brown failure criterion. The seepage force was included in the upper bound limit analysis, and it was computed from the gradient of excess pore pressure distribution. The seepage was regarded as a work rate of external force. The numerical results of roof collapse in square and circular tunnels with different rock parameters were derived and discussed, which proves to be valid in comparison with the previous work. The influences of different parameters on the shape of collapsing blocks were also discussed.     

Limiting drainage criterion for groundwater of mountain tunnel

Large amount of groundwater discharging from tunnel is likely to cause destruction of the ecological environment in the vicinity of the tunnel, thus an appropriate drainage criterion should be established to balance the tunnel construction and groundwater.To assess the related problems, an limiting drainage standard ranging from 0.5 to 2.0 m3/（m·d） was suggested for mountain tunnels based on survey and comparative analysis. After that, for the purpose of verifying the rationality of the standard, a calculated formula for dewatering funnel volume caused by drainage was deduced on the basis of the groundwater dynamics and experience method.Furthermore, the equation about the relationship between water discharge and drawdown of groundwater table was presented. The permeability coefficient, specific yield and groundwater table value were introduced, and then combined with the above equation, the drawdown of groundwater table under the proposed limiting drainage criterion was calculated. It is shown that the proposed drainage standard can reach the purpose of protecting ecological environment under the following two conditions. One is the permeability coefficient ranges from 10-4 to 10-5 m/s and the specific yield ranges from 0.1 to 0.001. The other is the permeability coefficient varies from 10-6 to 10-8 m/s and the specific yield varies from 0.1 to 0.01. In addition, a majority of common geotechnical layers are involved in the above ranges. Thus, the proposed limiting drainage standard which ranges from 0.5 to 2.0 m3/（m·d） for mountain tunnel is reasonable.     

溶洞对隧道(洞)稳定性影响的数值试验及现场监测分析

依托武都水库的导流隧洞工程建设,就既有岩溶溶洞对隧道(洞)稳定性的影响进行了跟踪现场施工的动态监测及数值模拟分析,就不同位置及尺寸的既有溶洞对隧道(洞)围岩受力、变形以及支护结构的受力特性的变化进行了深入研究.既有溶洞影响的数值模拟和现场监测分析表明:受顶部既有岩溶溶洞的影响,隧道(洞)围岩的变形特性明显不同于无溶洞时的变形特性,其围岩超前掌子面的先期变形量增加,即围岩位移具有明显的超前释放性.就变形量而言,当既有溶洞的尺寸大于隧洞最大跨度时,既有顶部溶洞将引起隧道(洞)顶拱沉降位移的减小,而当既有溶洞尺寸大于隧道(洞)的最大尺寸时,隧道(洞)顶拱位移反而增加.同时,既有顶部溶洞将引起隧道(洞)水平收敛位移的增加,且位移的增加量随着既有溶洞尺寸的增加而随之增加.隧道(洞)边墙附近的既有侧边溶洞的出现将引起隧道(洞)水平收敛位移的增加,且位移的增加量随着既有溶洞尺寸的增加而增加.就支护结构受力特性而言,隧道(洞)边墙附近的既有溶洞的存在造成隧道(洞)近溶洞一侧喷层轴力的减小,而远离溶洞一侧喷层轴力的增加.     

层状黄土区域地铁隧道变形模拟分析

为解决层状黄土地区地铁隧道的安全施工,采用现场量测与Rocscience软件模拟分析相结合的方法,研究了全断面开挖过程中地铁隧道围岩的稳定性问题。研究结果表明,采用软件分析的结果与现场量测的结果基本一致,在隧道中心线两侧均出现了显著的沉降现象,由于地铁下腹地层为粉砂,所以开挖的隧道要及时闭合,并且要布置仰拱或是管片整体支护。     

高速PIV布撒技术的改进研究

基于上海交通大学高超创新实验室现有技术,为发展高速PIV技术而改进开发了高速PIV粒子布撒系统。针对原有系统经常无法有效布撒粒子的缺陷,从系统中的管道、高压气体、喷嘴等几个方向下手进行改造,设计了新的高速PIV粒子布撒系统。对管道进行了软管化设计,高压气体采用干燥的氮气,喷嘴则设计成能在罐体中产生旋流的结构。对于这些改造进行了分析和实验测试,证明了这些改造能加强布撒粒子的效果。最后提出了这套系统可以继续改进的一些方向。     

长泄洪洞模型糙率修正方法研究

针对长泄洪洞在小比尺物理模型壁面糙率不相似问题进行理论分析和试验研究。通过合理的技术方案和手段在不改变泄洪洞位置与原河道相互关系的前提下,可以在小比尺物理模型上实现泄洪洞出口流速和流量的相似。研究表明,本方法适用于有压接无压和明流泄洪洞,很好的解决了在小比尺模型上长泄洪洞出口挑流水力特性及下游冲刷特性的模型相似性难题,实测结果与理论分析结果符合良好。     

Surface nitridation of titanium metal by means of a gas tunnel type plasma jet

The surface nitridation of titanium was carried out at a low pressure in nitrogen atmosphere using a gas tunnel type plasma jet. The titanium nitride (TiN) film, 10 μm thick and 2000 HV, could be formed in 10 s. The structure of the TiN film was investigated by XRD. The Vickers hardness on the surface of the film was measured. The effects of deposition conditions on the properties of TiN films (TiN thickness,Vickers hardness, etc.) were investigated, and the advantage of this deposition method was identified from those results.     

大伙房水库输水工程15!#洞TBM段衬砌混凝土施工技术分析

大伙房水库输水工程15#洞下游主洞采用TBM法开挖,全长2 373 m,其中Ⅱ类围岩175 m,Ⅲ类围岩1 805 m,Ⅳ类围岩393 m。文章主要对大伙房水库输水工程15#洞下游TBM段衬砌混凝土施工与安全技术进行分析,为后期水库的运行提供参考。     

化学灌浆在输水隧洞渗漏处理中的运用

福清市闽江调水工程输水隧洞,原地下水较活跃,后经水泥灌浆,堵住大部分水,但渗漏现象还比较严重,难以靠单一的水泥灌浆彻底堵住渗漏,后经采用PU4水溶性聚氨酯对漏水点进行化学灌浆取得了较好的止水效果。PU4水溶性聚氨酯是一种单组份灌浆材料,其遇水后自行分散、乳化、发泡,立即进行聚合反应,聚合后的固结体有良好的延伸性、弹性及抗渗性,体现了弹性止水和以水止水的双重功能。可供类似工程参考。     

基于长引水隧洞下的大型水电站一次调频仿真研究

针对锦屏二级水电站引水隧洞长,机组容量大、运行水头高,导致调压室水位波动稳定性以及机组间的水力干扰等较为突出的问题,对一次调频进行了深入分析研究,在满足电网安全的前提下,通过对机组一次调频进行仿真计算,得到了各种模拟工况下的机组开度、功率和转速的变化情况,为机组正常投入运行提供了可靠保证。