固体氧化物燃料电池氧化还原反应热流场模拟

为了研究固体氧化物燃料电池的氧化还原反应的热流场分布情况,建立了氧化还原反应的热流场环境.设计了连接管式高温炉的气体通路,研究了固体氧化物燃料电池在氧化还原反应中热流场的控制方式,分析了氧化还原反应热流场计算条件,并使用数值模拟工具进行计算与模拟.实验结果表明:氧化还原反应热流场的温度分布可以分为293 K、324.111 K、355.222K、386.333K、417.444K、448.556K、479.667K、510.778K、541.889K和573K等9个温度场分布等值区域,X坐标方向速度场分布范围为-0.200 261~0.177 592,Y坐标方向速度场分布范围为-0.275 204~0.260 32,及速度矢量范围为0~0.284 156,有助于显现氧化还原气体分布状况和氧化还原反应渐变过程.     

基于示踪剂质量守恒的测流模型研究

地下水渗透流速是一个很重要的水文地质参数,示踪技术可较为准确地估算地下水渗透流速。针对前人计算公式受诸多条件限制或存在不足之处,根据示踪剂质量守恒原理重新建立了示踪稀释物理模型,利用微元法推导了含水层水平流速计算新公式,修正了广义稀释定理,讨论了新公式与传统公式的内在联系,给出了实测数据的处理方法。应用于工程实例,表明采用新公式能够得到更为丰富的含水层水平流速变化信息,并与地质条件相一致,计算结果更为可靠的。     

全动床复式河槽水流阻力特性的试验研究

当水流漫滩后,由于滩槽间存在着强烈的动量交换,复式河槽在过流能力、泥沙输移、流速分布等许多方面不同于单一河道。通过水槽试验,探讨了清水作用下,由非均匀沙构筑而成的全动床复式河槽完全粗化后的水流阻力变化特性,包括水流能量损失、曼宁系数、谢才系数与达西-韦斯巴赫阻力系数等沿程变化。试验结果表明,对于清水作用下的全动床河道很难获得均匀流。断面平均流速沿程变化,单位重量水体经过单位长度而损失的能量将沿程改变。对于该类河道,在给定的水流条件下,阻力系数不再保持为常数,而是沿程变化的。这些特性表明全动床复式水槽水流阻力远比定床的复杂,要准确预测该类河道的过流能力及泥沙输移能力远比定床的困难。     

金矿堆浸中废水治理的工艺研究

从低品位（0．5—3g／t）含金矿石中提取黄金会产生大量高体积质量（〉350mg／L）剧毒氰化物废水,为了减少含氰废水对人类健康和对环境造成的污染,有效地保护生态平衡,论述了含氰废水的4种治理工艺,即碱性氯化法、酸化法、自然净化法和二氧化硫．空气法的除氰原理、反应过程、工艺流程和治理效果,并分析了其优缺点、结合宁夏中卫金矿在实际生产中采用碱性氯化法治理含氰废水的试验和工艺研究,重点对碱性氯化法进行了分析．研究表明,该方法简捷、快速、安全、经济,易于掌握,治理效果好,完全达到中华人民共和国《污水综合排放标准GB8979-88》中的规定和环保要求．该方法较适宜在宁夏各矿山黄金生产中推广和应用．     

海洋温差能发电冷水管涡激振动性能

以海洋温差能发电（Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion,OTEC）平台的冷水管为研究对象,根据结构方程和尾流振子方程建立冷水管流固耦合模型,采用有限元方法和 法对冷水管涡激振动（Vortex-Induced Vibration,VIV）进行时域分析,并在MATLAB软件中开发相应的求解程序。针对冷水管所面临的复杂工况,分别研究外部流场、内部流场、长径比和压载质量等因素对VIV产生的影响。结果表明：随着外流流速和长径比的增大,冷水管横流向VIV模态和振动幅值也发生相应改变,振动强度呈现波动上升;在不发生动态失稳的情况下,内流流速的增加可有效减小冷水管横流向振动幅值,压载质量可大幅减小冷水管自由端的振动位移。     

基于流固耦合的尼龙网流场特性及变形分析

考虑到柔性网衣在水流作用下易发生变形,会造成网箱有效体积减小并伴随网衣撕裂风险,因此研究网衣周围流场变化及网衣变形特性具有重要意义。基于剪应力SST k-ω湍流模型,结合ANSYS Workbench的单向流固耦合(Fluid-Solid Interaction, FSI)方法,将网衣所受压力作为输入载荷施加在平面网表面,研究在不同流速、网衣密实度和攻角情况下平面尼龙无结网衣的流场特性,对大变形非线性网衣结构的有限元模型进行分析。结果表明基于FSI的单向耦合数值模拟用于平面网衣变形及流场特性分析具有可行性,网衣造成的流速降低现象在不同攻角条件下的差异较明显。得到网衣水动力系数在不同流速、网衣密实度和攻角下的变化情况,以及平面网的等效应力分布特点和变形随攻角变化的特性,发现从网衣中心网线至边缘位置网线处的应力由大逐渐变小,最终在网线固定端附近发现应力最大位置。     

CO2 process intensification of algae oil extraction to biodiesel

Algae-to-biodiesel processes are hindered by high costs and low energy return on investment.^1,2. Herein, three foci in research improve algae-to-biodiesel processes by: (1) reducing high installation and energy costs in the CO₂ sequestration, cultivation, and harvesting stages; (2) improving oil extraction and biodiesel generation; and (3) increasing utilization of the proteins in lipid-extracted biomass (e.g., for animal feed), as well as the omega-3 fatty acids for nutraceuticals and food supplements. A process is introduced that uses carbon dioxide to aid in all three of these foci. CO₂ is used first in the form of microbubbles to lyse algae cell walls, releasing triglyceride oils. CO₂ also aids with transesterification of these triglycerides using methanol. At low temperatures (353.15–368.15 K) and intermediate pressures (5–10 MMPa), carbon dioxide causes methanol to dissolve partially in the triglyceride phase and triglyceride to dissolve partially in the methanol phase, increasing the transesterification reaction rate. Due to the nondestructive nature of these processes, other metabolites can also be harvested providing improvements in both mass and economic efficiency with an overall sharp reduction in the modeled price of biodiesel.     

Drag reduction of aqueous suspensions of fine solid matter in pipe flows

It is well known that drag reduction properties of polymer solutions in pipe flows are classified into two categories, based on the relationship between the friction factor and the Reynolds number. The degree of drag reduction either increases with an increase in the Reynolds number or is independent of the Reynolds number. In the latter case, the drag reduction behavior is referred to as type B behavior. In this study, the pressure losses of aqueous suspensions of biofibers and graphene oxide flat particles in pipe flows were measured to clarify the effect of the shape of suspended fine solid matter on the friction factor. The experimental results demonstrated that the behavior of the friction factor corresponded with the type B behavior of drag reduction. The mean velocity profile in the range of the turbulent flow was also estimated from the friction factor data.