Equations of state for hard-sphere fluids

Equations of state and contact values of hard-sphere radial distribution functions (rdf's) which are given by a linear combination of the Percus— Yevick and scaled-particle virial expressions are considered. In the one-component case the mixing coefficient() is, in general, a function of the volume fraction. In mixtures the coefficient( _i ,d _i ), in general, depends upon the volume fraction _i , and diameterd _i , of each species,i andj. For the contact valuesY _ij of the rdf's, the mixing coefficients _ij ( _k ) also depend on speciesi andj. Density expansions for the exact for the one-component hard-sphere fluid are obtained and compared with several approximations made in earlier works and in our own work, as well as with simulations. For a mixture, it turns out that one cannot obtain the exact fourth virial coefficient by using a linear combination of the Percus-Yevick and scaled-particle virial expressions forY _ij unless one allows _ij to depend on mole fractionsx _i even at the zeroth order of its density expansion. We also find that _ij must depend on particle speciesi andj in order to satisfy the exact limits obtained earlier by Sung and Stell. A new equation of state for the binary hard-sphere mixture which satisfies all the exact limits we have considered is suggested.Paper presented at the Tenth Symposium on Thermophysical Properties, June 20–23, 1988, Gaithersburg, Maryland, U.S.A.     

单晶硅化物及其应用

本文评述了单晶CoSi_2和NiSi_2的结构特点、各种制备方法、器件应用和发展前景。采用分子束外延(MBE)和“内延”法(Mesotaxy)制备的单晶硅化物质量,电学性能和热稳定性较好。由于首次得到理想的突变的金属——半导体接触,使对金属——半导体接触的理论分析成为可能。硅/单晶硅化物/硅结构在实际应用中非常重要,如单晶硅化物作集电极埋层,能降低集电极串联电阻,克服重掺杂埋层的横扩和自掺杂问题,提高了电路工作速度,减小了器件面积。埋层硅化物也可作为微波传输线的地线,是实现高频集成电路互连的好方法。而采用该结构制备的高速器件——金属基区晶体管(MBT)和穿透基区晶体管(PBT),具有很好的应用前景。     

可靠性技术在继电器控制中的应用

本文以可靠性技术,针对继电器在使用时主要失效模式触点失效故障进行分析,从触点材料、控制负载、抑制触点电弧,并对触点在常用环境下不合理使用等问题一并进行了较详细的阐述。     

全封闭大功率永磁牵引电机的温度场数值计算

为研究全封闭大功率永磁牵引电机额定工况下的稳态温度场,以一台额定功率为815 kW的永磁同步牵引电机为研究对象,依据成型绕组槽部导热模型,建立了整机三维温度场共轭传热计算模型。考虑旋转磁化、冲压过程和磁密高阶谐波对定子铁耗的影响,以及水套-定子铁心间接触热阻抗对电机温升的影响,采用Fluent软件对电机额定工况下的稳态流场与温度场求解,使用电阻法和埋置检温计法（ETD）测得电机在额定工况下绕组的平均温升、铁心测点和绕组端部测点局部温升,绝对误差分别为-3.7 K、-0.3 K和7.6 K。进一步分析了电机水路和内风路流场分布特性、水套-定子铁心间接触间隙对绕组平均温升的影响以及槽内绕组附近的温升分布情况,最后提出了该类电机冷却系统设计优化方向。     

深海带电插拔连接器力学特性分析

以水下7 000 m工况的深海带电插拔连接器为研究对象,旨在获得湿插拔连接器在深海双重高压下的受力特性和插拔过程中的动密封性能。介绍连接器的插头结构与压力补偿技术;推导压力补偿器工作容积的计算公式;运用Ansys Workbench建立插头内壳体组件与插孔组件的动密封有限元模型,对内壳体、压力平衡膜及内胆进行强度计算;分析由连接器插拔引起的平衡膜内外瞬时压差对膜的应力分布及变形情况;讨论密封件径向压缩量、密封接触面摩擦因数、插拔速度对插拔过程中动密封性能的影响。结果表明:插头插合时,平衡膜外表面应力基本不变,其变形减小;拔出时,平衡膜外表面的应力及变形都逐渐增大。密封件之间的接触压力受密封接触面过盈配合量的影响明显,增大过盈配合量可显著提高动密封区域的接触压力及密封性能,同时也会加剧密封件失效的可能性,密封接触面的摩擦因数、插拔速度对接触压力的影响则较小。     

接触疲劳过程中的诱发相变和冷作硬化SCIEI

研究了三种丝杠钢的接触疲劳性能。利用TEM和背散射Mossbauer谱研究了三种钢在接触疲劳前后的显微组织结构;测量了接触区中心线下显微硬度随层深的变化。结果表明:接触应力诱发A_R→M相变,并导致一定深度的冷作硬化。讨论了诱发相变和冷作硬化对接触疲劳性能的影响。     

斜压状态下托轮滚圈多体接触的力学特征

根据滚圈处筒体的变形及力平衡条件,建立了计算滚圈与筒体间接触压力分布的数学模型。研究了斜压状态下托轮滚圈多体接触模型的特点,开发了斜压接触下托轮滚圈有限元建模程序,该程序适用于任何载荷、载荷比、偏斜角下托轮滚圈的接触有限元分析。应用均匀设计法,设计了托轮与滚圈多体接触的有限元计算方案,通过计算,得出了托轮与滚圈的应力及变形情况。通过对滚圈的变形椭圆度和内、外表面的最大等效应力进行多元线性回归,得到了滚圈的变形椭圆度和内、外表面的最大等效应力随支承载荷、载荷比、托轮偏斜角的变化公式。     

粗粒料三轴试验橡皮膜嵌入量数值模拟

在粗粒料三轴试验中,橡皮膜嵌入量可造成显著的体积变形量测误差。本文针对颗粒材料的接触特点,利用Nagata Patch方法重建颗粒表面,基于重建曲面进行接触状态的判断和接触几何信息的计算,开发了高效的颗粒接触算法。该法采用dual mortar有限元方法处理颗粒与橡皮膜间的接触模拟,针对橡皮膜变形较大的特点,采用更新坐标的大变形计算格式,并根据重建的颗粒表面对颗粒-橡皮膜的距离进行几何修正,实现了颗粒-橡皮膜接触的精细化模拟,可较好地模拟计算“柔性”橡皮膜嵌入颗粒孔隙的过程。进行了Kramer钢球试验以及粗颗粒料和标准粗砂三轴试验橡皮膜嵌入过程的模拟计算,计算结果符合一般规律,与相应的试验结果吻合较好,验证了本文方法对于粗粒料膜嵌入问题的适用性。     

pHEMA: An Overview for Biomedical Applications

Poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (pHEMA) as a biomaterial with excellent biocompatibility and cytocompatibility elicits a minimal immunological response from host tissue making it desirable for different biomedical applications. This article seeks to provide an in-depth overview of the properties and biomedical applications of pHEMA for bone tissue regeneration, wound healing, cancer therapy (stimuli and non-stimuli responsive systems), and ophthalmic applications (contact lenses and ocular drug delivery). As this polymer has been widely applied in ophthalmic applications, a specific consideration has been devoted to this field. Pure pHEMA does not possess antimicrobial properties and the site where the biomedical device is employed may be susceptible to microbial infections. Therefore, antimicrobial strategies such as the use of silver nanoparticles, antibiotics, and antimicrobial agents can be utilized to protect against infections. Therefore, the antimicrobial strategies besides the drug delivery applications of pHEMA were covered. With continuous research and advancement in science and technology, the outlook of pHEMA is promising as it will most certainly be utilized in more biomedical applications in the near future. The aim of this review was to bring together state-of-the-art research on pHEMA and their applications.     

LF软吹时间对硅脱氧弹簧钢氧化物夹杂控制影响

 对于一些采用硅锰脱氧冶炼工艺的特殊钢,为保证钢水洁净度,常会选择较长时间的LF软吹处理,导致过程能耗增加。通过工业试验,借助FEI Explorer 4自动扫描电镜检测,研究不同LF精炼软吹时间对硅脱氧弹簧钢55SiCr铸坯氧化物夹杂成分、数量的影响;并采用夹杂物极值统计法,对比评价不同LF精炼软吹时间对应成品盘条横截面最大夹杂物尺寸控制情况。结果表明,在LF软吹10 min与软吹40 min 两种工艺条件下,铸坯中尺寸大于5 μm的氧化物夹杂成分接近,均在CaO-SiO₂-Al₂O₃相图中假硅灰石、钙长石和钙铝黄长石共晶低熔点区,其中软吹10 min工艺铸坯氧化物夹杂组成落入低熔点区的数量所占比例更大。LF软吹10 min与软吹40 min铸坯中尺寸大于5 μm的氧化物夹杂数量密度分别为11.70个/100 mm2和14.59个/100 mm2,尺寸大于15 μm 的氧化物夹杂数量密度分别为0.53个/100 mm2和1.65个/100 mm2,LF软吹10 min工艺铸坯大尺寸氧化物夹杂数量密度略低于LF软吹40 min工艺。当预测面积为30 000 mm2时,两种LF软吹时间对应成品盘条横截面最大夹杂物尺寸分别为27.1 μm和28.1 μm,盘条最大夹杂物尺寸控制无显著差别。结合硅锰脱氧钢中大尺寸低熔点CaO-SiO₂-Al₂O₃系夹杂物主要源自钢包渣乳化卷入,具有与钢水和氩气泡界面接触角很小、难以通过吹氩上浮去除的特点,建议硅锰脱氧钢LF软吹过程按短时间快节奏进行控制。