福建大樟溪流域综合规划的环境影响研究

从流域和区域对水资源需求及环境保护要求出发,提出了在大樟溪干流刘岐、岩前和莒口增设鱼道、取消船闸和航运的建议;从流域环境保护要求提出了主要水库的最小下泄流量;根据大樟溪流域人口、经济及土地资源的状况,提出了从泉州、莆田和福州等水资源受益区安置移民缓解土地资源紧张的模式来提高龙湘水库的调节库容,以提高流域及区域对水资源需求与调配能力,确保河道生态安全、生产生活用水安全等流域规划的新思路、新理念。     

浮体门设计的探索与实践

水电站泄水道破坏修复工程,是一项风险高、难度大、前景广阔的系统工程。刘家峡水电站泄水道2号孔破坏修复的关键,是采用人工深水软导向浮体闸门封堵孔口,形成门后洞内旱地施工条件;龚嘴水电站10号冲砂底孔破坏修复的关键,增设浮体闸门采用自动潜行式浮体闸门封堵孔口,形成门后洞内旱地施工条件;哈萨克斯坦CHARDARA水电站SYNAS项目泄水底孔修复的关键,采用分次降水安装浮体闸门侧支承的方法,挡住引水发电机组的下游尾水,在泄水道进口检修门和流道出口之间形成门旱地施工。此3项泄水道修复工程在行业内没有先例,难度很大。整体方案具有创新性,并且均已高质量竣工并投入正常运行。     

网络计划之实践

通过对所参与工程的实践体会。介绍网络计划技术在旧厂改造工程中的重要作用和几种主要管理方法。     

基于能力拍卖和多Agent的综合生产计划分布式建模及求解

把拍卖和市场理念引入到生产计划的求解过程中,结合多Agent理论,对大规模生产系统按生产单元建立分布式模型.各个生产单元看作相对独立核算的经济实体,其目标是实现自身利益最大化.当生产能力足够时,按照需求进行生产;当生产能力不足以完全满足需求时,紧缺生产资源的持有者按照单位能力获得最大收益的原则进行生产竞价与拍卖,实现了各个生产单元的分布式自主协商决策,并设计了求解算法.算例研究证明该方法的可操作性和求解的有效性.     

Success and failures in urban transport planning in Europe—understanding the transport system

Technological determinism has become a kind of religion for many people since it appears to offer solutions for societal problems as never before in history. Transport is one of the fascinating technology branches developed during the last 200 years. Effortless movement over long distances has become possible for car users as long as cheap fossil energy is available. However, the effect of fast transport on urban structures and society was not taken into account when developing these technical means. Technologists and economists have used indicators for expected benefits of these fast transport modes without taking into account the real system effects on society and urban structures. Plausible assumptions and hopes instead of scientific understanding of the complex system are used in practice. In contradiction to widely held beliefs of transportation planners, there is actually no growth of mobility if counted in number of trips per person per day, no time saving by increasing speed in the system, and no real freedom of modal choice. Modal choice is dependent on physical and other structures, the artificial environment built by urban planners, transport experts and political decisions. The core hypothesis of traditional urban and transport planning ‘growth of mobility’, ‘travel time saving by increasing speed’ and ‘freedom of modal choice’ are myths and do not exist in the real urban and transport system. This is the reason why urban planning and transport planning based on traditional non-scientific assumptions is creating continuously not only more transport problems, but also environmental and social as well as economic problems all over the world, where these principals are applied. Urban transport planning in Europe, understanding the transport system and the solutions are presented in this paper.     

Line balancing in a just-in-time production environment: balancing multiple U-lines

The introduction of multiple, independent production lines has helped many firms to increase their production flexibility, provide for redundancy when equipment breaks down, reduce idle time and labor costs, and achieve many other benefits. This paper introduces and formalizes the multiple U-line balancing problem. Optimal solution methodologies are provided for Type I (minimize the number of stations for a given cycle time), Type II (minimize the cycle time for a given number of stations), and cost-minimization line-balancing problems. A branch-and-bound algorithm is also developed for the situation in which equipment requirements are dependent on the line configuration and the task assignment to stations. Computational results indicate that the greatest benefit of exploiting multiple lines occurs for smaller cycle-time problems that require higher output.     

计算机辅助施工放样设计与应用

应用数学理论知识和CAD技术对施工图进行建模,从而获得准确的放样参数指导施工,并结合工程实例对计算机辅助施工放样过程进行了具体的介绍。     

Global Level Path Planning for Mobile Robots in Dynamic Environments

This paper presents a self-adapting approach to global level path planning in dynamic environments. The aim of this work is to minimize risk and delays in possible applications of mobile robots (e.g., in industrial processes). We introduce a hybrid system that uses case-based reasoning as well as grid-based maps for decision-making. Maps are used to suggest several alternative paths between specific start and goal point. The casebase stores these solutions and remembers their characteristics. Environment representation and casebase design are discussed. To solve the problem of exploration vs. exploitation, a decision-making strategy is proposed that is based on the irreversibility of decisions. Forgetting strategies are discussed and evaluated in the context of case-based maintenance. The adaptability of the system is evaluated in a domain based on real sensor data with simulated occupancy probabilities. Forgetting strategies and decision-making strategies are evaluated in simulated environments. Experiments show that a robot is able to adapt in dynamic environments and can learn to use paths that are less risky to follow.     

Strategic appraisal of energy models for Mozambique

The needs that an energy supply system must meet are constantly changing, due to technological, social and political reasons. Effective energy planning is a dynamic process that is repeated periodically and adjusts to changing conditions. Energy decision makers and planners are no longer able to rely on inductive decision making since they have to investigate the effect of various decision parameters and possible future changes. To help in this process, models have been developed where estimates of future load growth, candidate power plants, fuels and other key factors can be introduced, from which the planners can evaluate decision parameters and the available alternatives. The paper presents the different methodologies and practices that are used by 11 energy models for energy demand forecasting, supply side management and generation expansion planning, demand side management and integrated resource planning. The paper concludes to the presentation of a strategic appraisal of the examined energy models appropriate for energy planning in Mozambique. Three models are proposed for conducting demand forecasting, generation expansion planning and demand side management. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Prediction of spectral reflectance factor distribution of automotive paint finishes

It is necessary to determine the accurate reflectance of painted surfaces for the review of paint finishes by computer graphics (CG) before actual painting of the exterior color of automobiles, and for quality control during production and inspection processes. We have optimized a method for measuring reflectance by using a statistical technique. We have found that the reflectance of a painted surface is best measured at an incident angle of 60° and at five aspecular angles of 10°, 18°, 28°, 40°, and 90°. Our method makes it possible to accurately reproduce reflection characteristics of paint finishes containing special flake pigments, such as pearl mica. Also it was proved that our method can apply not only to solid and metallic coatings but to all painted surfaces. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 30, 275–282, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col.20125