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81.
82.
Several methods for disintegration of biofuel pellets were tested and compared for their ability to break up the pellets into the original particles of the raw material. Analyses performed on softwood pellets and straw pellets concluded that wet disintegration in water at ambient temperature is insufficient for a determination of the internal particle size distribution of wood- and straw pellets. When the wet disintegration was performed with water heated to the boiling point and coupled with mechanical disintegration in terms of stirring a more complete disintegration of the pellets was obtained. Based on the results obtained in the initial study a round robin was set up including six European laboratories where the selected method was tested. In the round robin test the method combining heated water and stirring of the slurry was tested on solid biofuel pellets produced of comminute straw, deciduous wood and coniferous wood respectively. With the method a satisfactory disintegration was obtained of all three types of pellets.Further wet disintegration of coniferous pellets was compared to a dry disintegration using a hammer mill. The dry disintegration of the coniferous pellets resulted in smaller particle sizes compared to the wet disintegration using heated water and stirring of the slurry indicating a further disintegration of the original particles in the hammer mill process.Overall the wet disintegration combined with mechanical impact was found to be the most suitable method for disintegration of solid biofuel pellets. Combined with sieving analysis the method gives realistic image of the internal particle size distribution of solid biofuel pellets. 相似文献
83.
84.
Jeong Sub Cho Yong Chang Seo Tae Bin Yim Hyeon Yong Lee 《International journal of molecular sciences》2013,14(2):4283-4297
Nanoencapsulation of thiamine dilauryl sulfate (TDS), a vitamin B1 derivative, was proved to effectively inhibit the spore germination of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. raphani (F. oxysporum), as well as mycelial growth. The average diameter of nanoparticles was measured as 136 nm by being encapsulated with an edible encapsulant, lecithin, whose encapsulation efficiency was about 55% in containing 200 ppm of TDS concentration: the 100 ppm TDS nanoparticle solution showed a mycelial growth inhibition rate of 59%. These results were about similar or even better than the cases of treating 100 ppm of dazomet, a positive antifungal control (64%). Moreover, kinetic analysis of inhibiting spore germination were estimated as 6.6% reduction of spore germination rates after 24 h treatment, which were 3.3% similar to the case of treating 100 ppm of a positive control (dazomet) for the same treatment time. It was also found that TDS itself could work as an antifungal agent by inhibiting both mycelial growth and spore germination, even though its efficacy was lower than those of nanoparticles. Nanoparticles especially played a more efficient role in limiting the spore germination, due to their easy penetration into hard cell membranes and long resident time on the surface of the spore shell walls. In this work, it was first demonstrated that the nanoparticle of TDS not a harmful chemical can control the growth of F. oxysporum by using a lower dosage than commercial herbicides, as well as the inhibiting mechanism of the TDS. However, field trials of the TDS nanoparticles encapsulated with lecithin should be further studied to be effectively used for field applications. 相似文献
85.
A novel approach to utilizing whey permeate, the cultivation of mycelia of the edible mushroom Ganoderma lucidum, is introduced. The major objective of this research was to use whey permeate as an alternative growth medium for the cultivation of mycelia of edible mushroom G. lucidum and to find an optimum condition for solid-state cultivation. Response surface analysis was applied to determine the combination of substrate concentration (25 to 45 g of lactose/L), pH (3.5 to 5.5), and temperature (25 to 35°C) resulting in a maximal mycelial growth. The radial extension rates, estimated by measuring the diameters of growing colonies on the Petri dishes, were used as the growth of the mycelia at different conditions. In the model, pH and temperature significantly affected mycelial growth, but lactose concentration did not. The condition predicted to maximize the radial extension rate of 17.6 ± 0.4 mm/d was determined to be pH 4.4 and temperature 29.4°C. Therefore, the results suggest that whey permeate could be utilized as a growth substrate for the cultivation of mycelia from the edible mushroom G. lucidum, enhancing the use of this by-product by the cheese manufacturing industry. 相似文献
86.
In this work, theorical and experimental research in the field of the drying has been made. For this purpose, the exhaust gases and hot air generated from the exchange body of a 6.7 kW boiler for domestic heating were used for a biomass drying process. The fuels used were different densified biomass materials: pine, peartree and coniferous (Pinus pinaster, Pynus communis and mixing of Pyrus sylvestris, respectively). The pellets were characterised by means of the lower heating value, proximate and ultimate analyses.The combustion parameters (CO2, CO, NO, NO2 and NOx contents, fumes temperature and the moisture content in biomass) were analysed in order to detemine what fuel was more suitable for the drying process of common reed (Arundo donax. L).The influence of the residue type and fuel mass flow on the combustion parameters have been studied. Finally, a global energy balance of the drying process and obtained losses have been evaluated, as well as the coefficients and the global yield of the process drying for common reed.From the results obtained, it was infered that the coniferous residue was the material presenting the most interesting yield of combustion and drying yield (80.2 and 47.5% respectively). 相似文献
87.
The phenomena of spontaneous combustion and thermal runaway in wood pellets storage were investigated using lab-scale experiments in the temperature range of 100–200 °C. The critical temperatures were determined for four sizes of reactors. The kinetic parameters of the self-heating were determined using three methods, the Frank-Kamenetskii's method, crossing point method, and numerical curve fitting method. Mean values of activation energy (E) of 78.7 ±0.8 kJ/mol and self-heating rate constant (∆ rhA) of (4.22 ±2.5) × 10 6 kJ/(kg s) were obtained for four type of wood pellets (made from whitewood) samples from different pellet producers in British Columbia. Finally, a two-dimensional numerical model was developed to predict the temperature development during self-heating and the critical temperature for known sizes of reactors. 相似文献
88.
Daisuke Suzuki Yuko Sato Hiroshi Kamasaka Takashi Kuriki 《Journal of Applied Glycoscience》2020,67(3):67
Phosphoryl oligosaccharides of calcium (POs-Ca) is a calcium salt of phosphoryl maltooligosaccharides made from potato starch. POs-Ca is highly water-soluble and can supply both the calcium ion and acidic oligosaccharides in an aqueous solution. In this study, we investigated the effects of POs-Ca on the mycelial growth and fruiting body yield of Pleurotus ostreatus , which is one of the most widely cultivated edible mushrooms in the world. We cultivated the mushroom using both potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium and sawdust-based medium, with added calcium salts. The addition of POs-Ca into the PDA medium with a calcium concentration of 10 mg increased mycelial growth significantly ( p < 0.05, vs . control). POs-Ca addition to the sawdust-based medium at concentrations of 1.0 to 3.0 g/100 g medium increased the amount of calcium in the fruiting bodies but did not affect the length of the cultivation period or the weight of the fruiting body. The calcium content in the fruiting body increased 12-fold when compared to the control. On the other hand, neither the CaHPO 4 ・2H 2 O group nor the CaHPO 4 ・2H 2 O with oligosaccharides group showed changes in the calcium content of the fruiting bodies. Our results indicate that the use of POs-Ca in mushroom cultivation allows for the possibility of developing new functional foods like calcium-enriched edible mushrooms. This is the first report describing the effects of POs-Ca on mushroom cultivation. 相似文献
89.
我国钒钛磁铁矿资源丰富,但综合利用难度大,现有工艺仍存在一些问题,工艺流程还有待完善和革新。气基竖炉直接还原-电炉熔分新工艺为钒钛磁铁矿资源清洁高效综合利用提供了新途径。以含钒钛的铁精矿为原料制备氧化球团,模拟气基竖炉直接还原条件,研究了还原气组分和温度对球团的还原进程、还原膨胀以及还原强度的影响。结果表明:以钒钛铁精矿为原料,配加1%膨润土,在1 250℃下焙烧20 min后,所制备氧化球团性能良好,具有较高的抗压强度。在恒定还原气组分(纯H2、H2/CO=2.5、H2/CO=1、H2/CO=0.4和纯CO)和温度(850、900、950和1 000℃)下,钒钛铁精矿球团还原速率快、还原膨胀率小(<20%),可满足气基竖炉直接还原工艺要求。煤制气-气基竖炉直接还原凭借其能耗小、环境友好、单机产能大、产品质量好等优点,将在钒钛磁铁矿资源高效清洁综合利用领域得到发展。 相似文献
90.