正庚烷-甲苯-三甘醇三元体系液-液相平衡数据的测定与关联

利用气相色谱法测定了常压下２５℃、４０℃和５０℃时正庚烷－甲苯－三甘醇体系的液－液相平衡数据，采用峰面积归一化法定量，所得数据准确、可靠。用ＮＲＴＬ模型对所测数据进行了热力学关联，求出了相应的模型参数。用该模型对本三元体系进行了预测，结果令人满意。     

Analysis of low load transients for the Vandellòs-II NPP: Application to operation and control support

The Technical University of Catalonia (UPC) has been jointly working with the Asociación Nuclear Ascó-Vandellòs (ANAV) for a number of years in order to establish, qualify and use best estimate (BE) models for the reactors under the control of ANAV. ANAV is the consortium that is responsible for operation of the Ascó and Vandellòs-II reactors. The reactors are Westinghouse-design three-loop PWRs with an approximate electrical power of 1000 MW. The existing integral plant models for each plant are currently used for many different purposes among which are support of plant operation and control. Quite a number of studies have been done in order to improve both safety and plant competitiveness. Most of these dynamic analyses were carried out in relation to transients starting at nominal full power or at least, very close to full power. This paper develops a specific use of the Vandellòs-II plant model for operation and control support at low power involving new ranges of system actuation parameters. It also examines scenarios that are somewhat different from those typically analysed. The study starts showing the results of an assessment case, which is a start-up test and provides some additional qualification, and subsequently attempts to establish calculations to support both an improvement in feed water controls and to set up operating recommendations for low-load manual operation of feed water turbo-pump. Both results hopefully, will produce an outcome, which leads to an improvement in safety and reduces reactor trip probability.     

Inferencia bayesiana en mixturas: metodos aproximados

Resumen últimamente se ha dedicado una gran atención a las técnicas de aproximación de mixturas de distribuciones. En este trabajo se consideran problemas de estimación de los parámetros de mezcla en una mixtura finita, desde una metodología bayesiana, que conducen a problemas de aproximación de mixturas finitas y se proponen dos nuevos métodos de aproximación. Bajo ciertas condiciones se demuestra que ambos métodos son asintóticamente equivalentes a un tercer método, de aplicación mucho más sencilla. El trabajo se concluye con un estudio de simulación en el que se analiza la bondad de los métodos de aproximación que aquí se exponen.      

Analisis de dise?os factoriales sin replicacion

Resumen Es este artículo se propone un método para identificar efectos significativos en dise?os factoriales sin replicación, resolviendo el problema como un caso de determinación de observaciones atípicas (outliers) en muestras altamente contaminadas. Para ello se deriva un estimador robusto de escala basándose en simulaciones realizadas con ordenador. El método es extremadamente sencillo de aplicar y conduce a los mismos resultados que el proyecto por Box y Meyer (1986) que es de mayor complejidad.      

The distribution of anthocyanins in grape skin extracts of port wine cultivars as determined by high performance liquid chromatography

The distribution of anthocyanins in methanolic skin extracts of 16 grape cultivars used for port wine production and grown at five sites in the Douro Valley in Northern Portugal has been assessed by high performance liquid chromatography. Results are confined to the seven most readily separated and identified anthocyanins and are expressed as percentages of their total (88–99% of the total integrated area). Anthocyanins based on malvidin (Mv) predominated. Of these, Mv 3-glucoside was the major pigment (33–60%), being exceeded by Mv 3-p-coumarylglucoside (2–51%) in only two cultivars; Mv 3-acetylglucoside (1–15%) was consistently the lowest. Peonidin 3-glucoside (1–27%) was prominent in four cultivars, but delphinidin 3-glucoside (1–11%), petunidin 3-glucoside (2–11%) and cyanidin 3-glucoside (trace-6%) were of low proportions throughout. The ratio Mv 3-acetylglucoside/total Mv glucosides appeared characteristic of cultivar, independent of site, and a useful aid to identification of grape cultivars. The coloured pulp of some cultivars contained peonidin 3-glucoside as a major component, present in greater proportions than in the skin; the percentage of Mv 3-p-coumarylglucoside was lower in pulp than in skin. The identities of six of the seven anthocyanins were confirmed by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry and the structures of the Mv derivatives were determined by nuclear magnetic resonance. The formation of formyl and acetyl anthocyanin artefacts is described.     

Mechanical procedure for proof construction via closed terms in typed λ calculus

In this paper is presented an algorithm for constructing natural deduction proofs in the propositional intuitionistic and classical logics according to the analogy relating intuitionistic propositional formulas and natural deduction proofs, respectively, to types and terms of simple type theory. Proofs are constructed as closed terms in the simple typed ntent/n10006702228123u/xxlarge955.gif" alt="lambda" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0"> calculus. The soundness and completeness of this method are proved.     

Aluminum. II. Derivation of C v0from C p and comparison to C v0 calculated from anharmonic models

The specific heat at constant pressure, C _p, of aluminum measured by Ditmars, Plint, and Shukla has been reduced to the volume V ₀ appropriate for 0 K employing the Murnaghan equation. The C _v0 thus obtained is compared with the theoretical C _v0 calculated in the harmonic and the lowest-order anharmonic approximation from three different pseudopotentials (Harrison, Ashcroft, and Dagens-Rasolt-Taylor) as well as a phenomenological Morse potential. The higher-order (ntent/v06817p58572n774/xxlarge955.gif" alt="lambda" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0"> ⁴) anharmonic contributions are calculated from the same nearest-neighbor Morse potential as in the lowest-order anharmonic theory. The role of the vacancy and the higher-order anharmonic contributions to C _v0 has been examined and we conclude that the ntent/v06817p58572n774/xxlarge955.gif" alt="lambda" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0"> ⁴ contributions to C _v0 are much smaller than the vacancy contribution. After removal of the vacancy contribution, the reduced C _v0 is found to be in excellent agreement with the Ashcroft and Harrison pseudopotentials as well as the Morse potential including the ntent/v06817p58572n774/xxlarge955.gif" alt="lambda" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0"> ² and ntent/v06817p58572n774/xxlarge955.gif" alt="lambda" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0"> ⁴ contributions to C _v0.     

重芳烃轻质化催化剂n（Ni）/n（Ni+Mo）的优化与分析

以β分子筛为载体,在保持金属总负载量不变的情况下,采用等体积浸渍法制备了4种不同n（Ni）/n（Ni+Mo）的催化剂。分别采用X射线衍射（XRD）、比表面积测试（BET）、氨程序升温脱附（NH₃-TPD）、氢程序升温还原（H₂-TPR）、氢程序升温脱附（H₂-TPD）和热重-差热分析（TG-DTG）等方法对催化剂进行了表征。结果表明,4种催化剂的酸量和酸强度相近,在n（Ni）/n（Ni+Mo）等于基准+0.2时,Mo与载体之间的相互作用最弱,其氢气吸附量最多且积炭量最少;采用某炼厂重整C₁₀⁺ 重芳烃对4种催化剂进行评价,结果表明n（Ni）/n（Ni+Mo）等于基准+0.2催化剂具有最优的催化活性和稳定性。上述结果表明,影响重芳烃轻质化催化剂活性和稳定性的关键因素是催化剂氢气吸附量的多少,氢气吸附量越多金属表面的溢流氢效应越明显,积炭前驱体被溢流氢及时消除,从而保护了催化剂的加氢活性中心不被积炭覆盖,有助于催化剂在较高活性下保持稳定。     

丁基罗丹明B-AuI4-缔合纳米粒子体系的极谱猝灭效应研究

在0．1mol／LH2SO4介质中，丁基罗丹明B(RBB)在-0．59伏产生1个单扫描极谱峰。当有AuI^-4存在时，AuI^-4与RBB^ 主要通过静电引力形成疏水性的AuI4—2RBB缔合物分子。AuI4—2RBB存在较强的分子间作用力和疏水作用力而生成紫红色的(AuI4—RBB)n纳米微粒，在470nm处产生1个瑞利散射峰，在610nm处产生1个共振瑞利散射峰；而在-0．59伏处的极谱峰降低。这是由于该紫红色复合纳米微粒形成所致。当纳米微粒体系加入乙醇后，体系的瑞利散射峰和共振瑞利散射峰消失，极谱峰、同步荧光峰和颜色恢复，由于乙醇而致使紫红色的(AuI4-RBB)n纳米微粒分解为红色AuI4—RBB分子。研究结果表明，紫红色(AuI4-RBB)。纳米粒子的形成是其极谱猝灭和共振瑞利散射效应的根本原因。     

Analysis of the Thermal Explosion in Systems Porous Reagent–Active Gas–Solid Product

The specific features of dynamics of the thermal explosion in systems porous reagent–active gas–solid product under conditions where the heatntent/px27732h0316n23q/xxlarge8208.gif" alt="dash" align="MIDDLE" BORDER="0">transfer and massntent/px27732h0316n23q/xxlarge8208.gif" alt="dash" align="MIDDLE" BORDER="0">transfer regions are separated from the ambient medium are considered. In addition to the competition of heat release and heat removal, the process of initiation of exothermal chemical interaction in these systems under normal pressures depends significantly on conditions of filtration transport of the gaseous reagent. The induction and postntent/px27732h0316n23q/xxlarge8208.gif" alt="dash" align="MIDDLE" BORDER="0">induction periods of the thermal explosion are studied. The theoretical analysis of thermalntent/px27732h0316n23q/xxlarge8208.gif" alt="dash" align="MIDDLE" BORDER="0">explosion issues is supplemented by an experimental study of the process for the porous titanium–nitrogen–titanium nitride system.