中国第一口超千米深水钻井液技术

LW3-1-1探井位于中国南海珠江口盆地，作业水深1480m，完钻井深为3843m，地层以大套灰色泥岩和页岩为主，具有强水敏性．要求钻井液具有良好的流变性、润滑性、抑制性，良好的抗盐、抗钙、抗高温和抗低温能力，以及强的天然气水合物抑制能力。该井采用了PFMX钻井液体系，钻井周期为49d，介绍了钻井液工艺及现场应用情况。PFMX体系表现出很多油基钻井液的优点，如好的润滑性、高的钻进速率、膜效应、强的井眼稳定及页岩抑制性，解决了强水敏性地层的井壁稳定等问题，还解决了深水钻井中遇到的挑战，如低的破裂压力梯度、天然气永合物、浅层水流、深水低温等问题，满足了该区块作业需要。     

管线用高强韧性宽厚钢板的开发

本文回顾了舞钢高强韧性管线用宽厚钢板的研制开发过程，并结合生产工艺，对钢板性能作了全面分析，指导了钢管线钢的生产。舞钢X70级管线钢有较高的断裂韧性、良好的可焊性以及抗SSCC、HIC性能。舞钢正在进行技术改造，以进一步改善组织，提高性能、满足西气东输要求。     

Solar ponds in alkaline lake and oil well regions

Solar ponds are probably the simplest technology available for the useful conversion of solar energy. The basic technology is proven. Solar ponds have been shown to be technically feasible and economically viable for many applications, particularly for thermal use. The electrical conversion and use of solar energy via solar ponds is still questionable, in general, for economic viability. By putting the untapped sources together in the South Plains region, it looks promising economically both for thermal and electrical conversions and applications. There are a number of alkaline lake basins randomly scattered in the South Plains region of the U.S.A. In that area, there are thousands of crude oil producing wells that produce brine in abundance. The selection of suitable alkaline lake basins as a solar pond site and as depository sites of brine from oil wells and the using of this brine and salty water from alkaline lakes makes the solar pond economically viable for both thermal and electrical demands in the area.     

裂纹梁动态响应有限元分析中的线弹簧模型

本文提出了一种以线弹簧模型为基础来分析裂纹梁动态响应的新数值方法．应用能量原理和断裂力学理论首次建立了线弹簧模型的刚度矩阵，从而确立了一种能使二维裂纹问题转化为一维分析的梁的有限元模型．使用这个模型，研究了不同裂纹长度和裂纹位置对悬臂梁固有频率和振型的影响，并把计算所得到的数值结果与现有的实验数据作了比较．结果表明，当无量纲裂纹长度小于０．６时，两者吻合得非常好；反之，两者之间存在较大的误差．对这种误差产生的原因，本文也作了解释．     

液压系统高效冷却净化一体化技术研究

实验研究了管壳式热交换器壳侧流动和多孔介质强化传热技术 ,实验证实 ,壳侧采用螺旋板和多孔介质具有很好的强化传热效果 ,螺旋板的最佳角度为 40°,多孔介质的最佳孔隙率为 0 .985。同时研究了高梯度磁净化技术 ,探讨了冷却净化一体化的兼容性和互惠性。研制了一种管壳式冷却净化器 ,测试表明 ,管壳式冷却净化器对 10 μm以上的颗粒的过滤效率为84%,比一般磁过滤器效率高 2 .1倍 ;壳侧对流换热系数比现有冷却器高19.7%。     

GTL 工艺技术评述

介绍了1990年以来GTL工艺技术开发的进展情况，其中以Sasol-SSPD和Syntruleum两种工艺最受关注，从现有数据分析。Syntruleum虽采用含氮合成气生产工艺，但并未使装置的单位投资明显改善，因此，近10年来GTL工艺技术开发虽取得了长足的进步，但其装置投资仍偏高，从而又严重影响了产品成本，按南非Sasol公司的经验。开展资源综合利用是降低液体燃料生产成本的有效途径，目前国外GTL工艺技术的开发仍很活跃，我国也已形成大量实验室成果。建议尽快组织力量完成工业性试验。     

Simulation of Natural Depletion and Miscible Gas Injection Effects on Asphaltene Stability in Petroleum Reservoir Fluids

Natural depletion of petroleum reservoirs as well as gas injection for enhance oil recovery, are unavoidable processes in the oil industry. Foremost, prediction of the problems due to these two processes is very necessary and important. So many field and experimental experiences have shown that heavy organic depositions, especially asphaltene deposition, are principal results during these processes. Results of laboratory simulation of asphaltene deposition during the natural depletion of petroleum reservoirs and also during gas injection and enhanced oil recovery (EOR) processes are reported here. This is achieved through the design of a new experimental setup for the investigation of pressure and composition effects on asphaltene deposition in petroleum fluids at high pressure and high temperature conditions. In this work, asphaltene deposition during decreasing pressure, from pressures greater than reservoir pressure to pressures below the bubble point pressure (natural depletion) and also asphaltene deposition during natural gas injection in reservoir conditions, are studied for three samples—one recombined sample and two bottomhole samples. All of the obtained results from this work conform to theoretical and other experimental works.     

The importance of information localization in scene gist recognition.

People can recognize the meaning or gist of a scene from a single glance, and a few recent studies have begun to examine the sorts of information that contribute to scene gist recognition. The authors of the present study used visual masking coupled with image manipulations (randomizing phase while maintaining the Fourier amplitude spectrum; random image structure evolution [RISE]; J. Sadr & P. Sinha, 2004) to explore whether and when unlocalized Fourier amplitude information contributes to gist perception. In 4 experiments, the authors found that differences between scene categories in the Fourier amplitude spectrum are insufficient for gist recognition or gist masking. Whereas the global 1/f spatial frequency amplitude spectra of scenes plays a role in gist masking, local phase information is necessary for gist recognition and for the strongest gist masking. Moreover, the ability to recognize the gist of a target image was influenced by mask recognizability, suggesting that conceptual masking occurs even at the earliest stages of scene processing. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Fast parallel Preconditioned Conjugate Gradient algorithms for robot manipulator dynamics simulation

In this paper fast parallel Preconditioned Conjugate Gradient (PCG) algorithms for robot manipulator forward dynamics, or dynamic simulation, problem are presented. By exploiting the inherent structure of the forward dynamics problem, suitable preconditioners are devised to accelerate the iterations. Also, based on the choice of preconditioners, a modified dynamic formulation is used to speedup both serial and parallel computation of each iteration. The implementation of the parallel algorithms on two interconnected processor arrays is discussed and their computation and communication complexities are analyzed. The simulation results for a Puma Arm are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed preconditioners. With a faster convergence due to preconditioning and a faster computation of iterations due to parallelization, the developed parallel PCG algorithms represent the fastest alternative for parallel computation of the problem withO(n) processors.