临近空间载人舱舱门密封特性研究

为研究临近空间载人舱舱门密封特性,对临近空间载人舱舱门P形橡胶密封圈进行有限元压缩行为仿真分析,分析P形橡胶密封圈主副密封面密封接触宽度和接触应力随舱门间隙与舱门行程变化的规律,并根据该规律给出舱门压缩行程和舱门密封间隙的设计推荐值。基于ROTH泄漏模型推导出P形橡胶密封圈的总漏率模型,并计算该泄漏模型的稳态漏率值。通过舱门密封试验,对P形橡胶密封圈的总漏率进行验证。P形橡胶密封圈总漏率计算值与试验结果基本吻合,验证了P形橡胶密封圈总漏率模型的有效性。     

Resolution enhanced light field near eye display using e‐shifting method with birefringent plate

Light field near eye displays (LFNED) can produce lightweight devices and address the accommodation–convergence conflict. However, low spatial resolution creates a poor immersive experience in LFNED. In addition, although many e‐shifting devices have been proposed to enhance resolution in projection system, yet those devices are too bulky to be applied in an LFNED to keep it lightweight. In this paper, a compact e‐shifting component is proposed to enhance image resolution in an LFNED by using a birefringent plate and twisted nematic switch cell. The proposed e‐shifting device is a flat and thin component with only 2.6 mm of thickness, which could be placed in the gap of an LFNED without increasing the thickness. The results show that the proposed components could be easily integrated in an LFNED with the result of resolution enhancement.     

人工神经网络在舌诊近红外光谱中的应用研究

为了能客观地反映中医舌诊所蕴涵的病理信息,首次采用近红外光谱和神经网络对疾病进行诊断。分别采用了BP网络、广义回归神经网络(GRNN)、主成分分析和广义回归神经网络(PCA-GRNN)结合的三种模型在舌诊光谱法中的分析预测,首先对三种建模方法进行了分析,再用采集的健康人和糖尿病患者舌诊光谱数据进行校正模型的建立,两类舌诊光谱样本各39例,共计78例样本,在神经网络学习中,将其分成训练集样本60例和预测集样本18例,分别利用所建的三种模型对舌诊光谱样本进行训练和预测。实验结果是三种模型中PCA-GRNN相结合的方法平均绝对误差最小为13.2%、训练时间最短为0.072255s,以相对偏差在0.5以内为正确的情况下,其正确率为100%。说明用PCA-GRNN模型可以应用于舌诊光谱法的分析,并取得较好的分析结果,这对中医舌诊的客观化起到了一定的推动作用。     

汽车驾驶员脑氧参数的振动响应特性分析

应用近红外光谱法,研究分析汽车驾驶员在振动状态下的脑部血氧参数变化,探讨车辆振动对脑氧参数的影响。实验过程中应用近红外光谱法监测试验人员脑氧参数。经方差分析发现实验人员经车辆振动后脑部各血氧参数有显著性变化。实验结果表明汽车振动对脑部血氧参数还原血红蛋白的浓度(c_Hb)、氧合血红蛋白的浓度(c_HbO2)、血红蛋白总量的浓度(c_tHb)有显著性影响,且不同频率振动的影响显著性不同,其中4.5Hz的振动对脑氧参数影响最大;但振动对脑部组织血氧饱和度(tissue oxygen index,TOI)的影响极小。     

面向物联网的可见光近场通信方法研究

为了满足物联网应用中边缘感知系统信息交互的需求,可以采用传输便捷、功耗较低的近场通信方法。然而,传统的近场通信方法基于电磁波的广播通信,广播通信存在着安全性的先天不足。针对这一安全问题,使用移动设备上的可见光传感器实现了一种面向物联网的可见光近场双工通信系统。在该系统中,上行链路和下行链路采用不同的传感器模块进行数据传输。上行链路由环境光传感器感知光强变化完成数据接收,并且针对可见光源信号不稳定的特点,提出了一种基于可见光通信的状态转化调制STM(State Transaction Modulation)策略。在下行链路中,采用图像传感器扫描移动设备屏幕实现数据传输,并提出了一种能耗自适应的信号传输方法降低下行链路的能量开销。实验结果表明,在上行链路中,STM调制的传输速率高于PWM和PIM调制且能耗大幅降低,在传输序列有重复的情况下吞吐率亦优于DH-PIM调制。     

基于主成分分析的臭氧与紫外复合处理枸杞挥发性成分综合评价

研究臭氧与紫外复合处理对枸杞挥发性成分的影响,采用顶空固相微萃取结合气相质谱法检测不同处理方式样品中的挥发性成分,并利用主成分分析法和聚类分析法对挥发性成分进行分析评价。结果表明,从不同处理方式下的枸杞中共检测出78种挥发性成分,酯类14种,醇类21种,烷烃类16种,酮类15种,醛类5种,酸类3种,醚类及杂环类4种,其中10种物质为4个枸杞样品所共有;主成分分析共分析出42种主要的挥发性成分,结合聚类分析综合评价不同处理方式下枸杞挥发性成分风味由高到低依次是:臭氧与紫外复合处理后烘干的枸杞干果>臭氧与紫外复合处理后真空干燥的枸杞干果>未处理的枸杞干果>鲜果。      

Near-Infrared Imaging of Steroid Hormone Activities Using Bright BRET Templates

Bioluminescence (BL) is an excellent optical readout for bioassays and molecular imaging. Herein, we accomplished new near infrared bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (NIR-BRET) templates for monitoring molecular events in cells with higher sensitivity. We first identified the best resonance energy donor for the NIR-BRET templates through the characterization of many coelenterazine (CTZ)–marine luciferase combinations. As a result, we found that NLuc–DBlueC and ALuc47–nCTZ combinations showed luminescence in the blue emission wavelength with excellent BL intensity and stability, for example, the NLuc–DBlueC and ALuc47–nCTZ combinations were 17-fold and 22-fold brighter than their second highest combinations, respectively, and were stably bright in living mammalian cells for at least 10 min. To harness the excellent BL properties to the NIR-BRET systems, NLuc and ALuc47 were genetically fused to fluorescent proteins (FPs), allowing large “blue-to-red” shifts, such as LSSmChe, LSSmKate2, and LSSmNep (where LSS means Large Stokes Shift). The excellent LSSmNep–NLuc combination showed approximately 170 nm large resonance energy shift from blue to red. The established templates were further utilized in the development of new NIR-BRET systems for imaging steroid hormone activities by sandwiching the ligand-binding domain of a nuclear receptor (NR-LBD) between the luciferase and the FP of the template. The NIR-BRET systems showed a specific luminescence signal upon exposure to steroid hormones, such as androgen, estrogen, and cortisol. The present NIR-BRET templates are important additions for utilizing their advantageous imaging of various molecular events with high efficiency and brightness in physiological samples.     

近红外光谱技术及其在液态食品上应用的研究进展

近红外光谱技术结合化学计量手段的分析方法具有快速、无损等优点,在农产品和食品安全检测中的应用日渐广泛。通过对近红外光谱技术的理论基础和常用的化学计量手段概述,从食用油类,酒类,蜂蜜、果汁饮料类,食醋等调味品类,奶制品类5个方面,综述了该技术在液态食品中的最新应用,提出了应用中的问题和未来的发展方向。      

在线紫外消解-原子荧光光谱法测定黄酒中的砷

采用在线紫外消解-氢化物发生原子荧光光谱法测定黄酒中的砷。将自制的紫外消解与氢化物发生原子荧光光谱仪建立系统,考察了紫外消解功率、紫外消解管路长度、辅助消解剂浓度、溶液p H等因素对紫外消解效率的影响。在优化的实验条件下,砷的线性范围为0～40μg/L,相关系数r为0.9989,检出限为1.86μg/L,相对标准偏差为（n=12）3.57%,加标回收率为93.4%～104.6%,本法与国标法测定黄酒中砷的结果基本相同。可用本法代替国标法（GB5009.11-2014）中的氢化物发生原子荧光光谱法测定黄酒中的砷,既可提高工效十余倍,又减少了化学试剂对环境所造成的污染。      

苯乳酸与单增李斯特菌和大肠杆菌胞内外基因组的抑菌作用机制

为研究苯乳酸与食源性致病菌基因组的相互作用机制,选取单增李斯特菌（Listeria monocytogenes 10403s）和大肠杆菌（E.coli 44752）采用凝胶电泳阻滞实验法和紫外-可见光谱法研究苯乳酸与胞内、胞外基因组DNA的作用机制。实验结果表明苯乳酸与单增李斯特菌和大肠杆菌的胞内DNA迁移率和条带亮度均未发生变化,无相互作用;苯乳酸对单增李斯特菌和大肠杆菌的胞外DNA发生结合作用。单增李斯特菌体外DNA在苯乳酸16³2 mmol/L浓度下,与苯乳酸发生结合作用,结合常数为9.16×10⁵M^-1;大肠杆菌体外DNA在苯乳酸2¹6 mmol/L的浓度下,与苯乳酸发生结合作用,结合常数为7.36×10⁵M^-1。两者的结合方式为静电结合和嵌插结合。