Color changes,nitrite content,and rehydration capacity of edible bird's nest by advanced drying method

This article presents the authors’ first attempt to improve quality of edible bird’s nest through continuous and intermittent low-temperature drying (25 and 40°C) with infrared and ultraviolet C (UVC) treatments. The attributes of quality were compared in regard to quality of hot-air-dried samples at 70–90°C. Experimental results showed that a significant improvement in the quality of edible bird’s nest in terms of minimizing color changes and rehydration capacity using intermittent low-temperature drying with infrared and UVC drying profile. However, it was also found that any drying method has less significant effect on the nitrite content of edible bird’s nest.     

Time and thermal stability improvement of polyethylene ferroelectrets

Ferroelectrets with good piezoelectric coefficients have been produced based on cellular polyethylene (PE) via extrusion film blowing. The quasi-static piezoelectric coefficient (d₃₃) value obtained (935 pC/N) was well above typical values for cellular polypropylene (PP) considered as the workhorse of piezoelectric polymers. Here, a focus was made on increasing the time and thermal stability of cellular PE piezoelectric activity. To do so, specific thermal treatments were applied on the films to improve their microstructure. First, films crystallinity was increased via thermal annealing at 80 °C for 5 min leading to a 32% increase of the initial d₃₃ value as well as its time stability. However, thermal treatment did not give a significant thermal stability improvement because the treated films almost completely lost their piezoelectric activity (96%) at 80 °C. Therefore, the films were treated with orthophosphoric acid resulting in substantial charge stability improvements, especially at higher temperature. Overall, it was possible to increase the continuous service temperature (CST) of PE ferroelectrets from 40 to 80 °C, which is similar to the typical CST of PP. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 47646.     

Adhesion improvement of poly (vinyl alcohol) coating on silicon substrate

The adhesion of the biocompatible hydrophilic polymer, poly (vinyl alcohol) to a model substrate, silicon, was investigated. Contact angle measurements were used to reveal the effect of various substrate cleaning procedures including sonication and UV-ozone treatment prior to casting a 35 μm coating. Raman microspectrometry and X-ray reflectometry were used to characterise the composition and the thickness of PVA thin films. The use of mechanical abrasion of the substrate followed by a 131 nm primer layer of PVA in combination with vacuum treatment at temperatures higher than the glass transition temperature (T_g = 80 °C) provided the best resistance to delamination as demonstrated by visual observation during prolonged immersion of the coatings in water.     

Influence of straining and ageing on the room temperature mechanical properties of dual phase steel

In this work, changes in mechanical properties in dual phase steel containing 20% martensite volume fractions were observed at various ageing temperatures. For example, ΔY (increase in yield strength due to strain ageing), YS and UTS exhibit maximum values at ageing temperature of 100 °C for the pre-strains of 2 and 4%. This is due to the formation of solute atom atmospheres around dislocation. When the ageing temperature increased to 200 °C, yield strength decreased due to overageing resulted from tempering that starts in martensite phase.     

Review of the evidence base for treatment of childhood psychopathology: Internalizing disorders.

This article reviews the empirical literature on psychosocial, psychopharmacological, and adjunctive treatments for children between the ages of 6 and 12 with internalizing disorders. The aim of this review was to identify interventions that have potential to prevent substance use disorders in adolescence by treating internalizing disorders in childhood. Results suggest that a variety of behavioral, cognitive-behavioral, and pharmacological interventions are effective in reducing symptoms of childhood depression, phobias, and anxiety disorders. None of the studies reviewed included substance abuse outcomes. Thus, little can be said about the relationship between early treatment and the prevention of later substance use. The importance of evaluating the generalizability of research-supported interventions to community settings is highlighted and recommendations for future research are offered. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Cold bending of advanced ferritic steels: ASTM grades T23, T91, T92

The metallurgical background of advanced ferritic steels must be considered during every stage of fabrication, including forming operations, such as cold bending, because they can negatively affect the high-temperature properties of the material when not performed properly.     

Modifying the structure and properties of polyethylene foams using thermal treatments

BACKGROUND: The physical properties of polymer foams depend on many factors: density, cellular structure, matrix polymer morphology, etc. Therefore, these properties can be adapted by appropriate control of the structure. However, this simple and attractive concept has some limitations because the cellular structure of foams cannot be fully controlled during manufacturing. Therefore, in order to make possible the control of properties, it is highly desirable to develop simple procedures, such as thermal treatments, to modify the cellular structure. In the work reported, low‐density polyethylene foams were thermally treated at temperatures below the melting temperature of the base polymer. The cellular structure, polymer base morphology and several thermal and mechanical properties were studied before and after the thermal treatments. RESULTS: It is shown that the anisotropy of the cellular structure is reduced by using adequate treatments. This modification of the structure influences physical properties that are sensitive to the cell shape, such as thermal expansion, elastic modulus and collapse stress. CONCLUSION: A simple procedure to allow further control of the structure and properties of polyethylene‐based foams has been presented. The use of adequate thermal treatments is able to modify the cellular structure and hence the physical properties of these materials. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry     

Cognitive–behavioral therapy to reduce weight concerns improves smoking cessation outcome in weight-concerned women.

Women smokers concerned about weight gain (N?=?219) were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 adjunct treatments accompanying group smoking cessation counseling: (a) behavioral weight control to prevent weight gain (weight control); (b) cognitive–behavioral therapy (CBT) to directly reduce weight concern, in which dieting was discouraged; and (c) standard counseling alone (standard), in which weight gain was not explicitly addressed. Ten sessions were conducted over 7 weeks, and no medication was provided. Continuous abstinence was significantly higher at posttreatment and at 6 and 12 months of follow-up for CBT (56%, 28%, and 21%, respectively), but not for weight control (44%, 18%, and 13%, respectively), relative to standard (31%, 12%, and 9%, respectively). However, weight control, and to a lesser extent CBT, was associated with attenuation of negative mood after quitting. Prequit body mass index, but not change in weight or in weight concerns postquit, predicted cessation outcome at 1 year. In sum, CBT to reduce weight concerns, but not behavioral weight control counseling to prevent weight gain, improves smoking cessation outcome in weight-concerned women. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Effects of hydrothermal/thermal treatments on the water-uptake of Nafion membranes and relations with changes of conformation,counter-elastic force and tensile modulus of the matrix

A kinetic investigation of the water-uptake of Nafion 117 membranes after different hydrothermal and thermal treatments was performed. Long equilibration times (150–225 h) and a decrease of kinetic rate with the increasing of temperature were found. This behaviour suggests that the kinetics of the water-uptake is the result of two distinct processes: one very fast that can be attributed to the time of osmotic equilibration necessary for the water diffusion within the thin membrane and the other, very slow, that has been associated with a slow modification of the Nafion conformation with the temperature.     

Review of Coping strategies therapy for bulimia nervosa.

Reviews the book, Coping strategies therapy for bulimia nervosa by David L. Tobin (see record 2000-07256-000). The book starts with a short introduction of the need for combination treatments and the obstacles therapists have to overcome in order to arrive at a cost-effective care for bulimic patients. The first part of the book provides a framework for coping strategies therapy (CST). The author reviews empirical and theoretical models of psychotherapy. This discussion is followed by an overview of CST, with short summaries of the different doses of therapy that are a central outcome of the author's work. The second part of the book is an elaboration of the details of the different doses of therapy: Dose 1 (problem engagement with a "remoralizing" aim; 1-2 sessions), Dose 2 (problem engagement with a "remediating" aim; 3-8 sessions), Dose 3 (emotion engagement with a rehabilitating aim; 9-20 sessions), and Dose 4 (problem and emotion disengagement with the aim of "rooting out the source of the disease"; 50-100+ sessions). Each dose is a separate treatment program designed for a specific bulimic patient group, and each has a specific aim and starts at a specific level of motivation for change. Basic aims for the author are to justify the broad range of activities on a theoretical and empirical basis, to organize those activities to help clinicians make rationally administered interventions, to provide a rationale for combining diverse interventions, and to build an informed basis that facilitates clinical care. These are far-reaching aims, and the reviewer thinks Tobin takes a large and interesting step toward a more integrative understanding and practical approach to the treatment of eating disorders. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)