Electron transport in direct methanol fuel cells

A three-dimensional (3D), two-phase, isothermal model of direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) was employed to investigate effects of electron transport through the backing layer and the land in bipolar plates. It was found that the electronic resistance of the backing layer, affected by backing layer electronic conductivity, backing layer thickness and flow channel width, played a relatively important role in determining the current density distribution and cell performance. In order to ignore the electron transport effect on the average current density, the minimum electronic conductivity of the backing layer has to be 1000 S m⁻¹, with the relative error in the average current density less than 5%, under the given conditions.     

A new alloy design concept for austenitic stainless steel with tungsten modification for bipolar plate application in PEMFC

The feasibility of a new alloy design concept utilizing the principle of ‘tungsten bronze effect’ is critically evaluated for the development of metallic bipolar plates for proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). An austenitic stainless steel (ASS) is modified with W and La to improve the stability of the passive film in an acidic environment as well as to reduce the contact resistance by the tungsten bronze effect. The experimental ASS containing W and La was evaluated in a simulated PEMFC environment of H₃PO₄ and H₂SO₄ solutions at 80 °C, and the electrical property was evaluated by performing a contact resistance test. The test results show that the ASS modified with W and La has good passive film stability for corrosion resistance and low contact resistance. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis clearly suggests the possibility of the tungsten bronze effect from the change in valency state of W⁶⁺ to W⁵⁺ in the passive film formed on the modified ASS. The feasibility of a new alloy design concept utilizing the ‘tungsten bronze effect’ is well demonstrated; however, more study is highly required for the development of metallic bipolar plates of PEMFC.     

基于MEMS微电极芯片的电穿孔系统

报道了一种基于微加工金电极的细胞电穿孔芯片及一套完整的细胞电穿孔系统。该系统能够在多种细胞系中实现高效细胞电穿孔(对典型HEK-293A(人胚胎肾细胞)细胞的穿孔效率高于90%,3T3-L1(小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞)的电穿孔效率高达80%)。并且具有手动模式和自动模式。同时,由于基于独特的电极设计,其所需电压也远低于现有设备(典型工作电压为60 V),成本更低,操作更安全。     

Bicriteria scheduling of a material handling robot in an m-machine cell to minimize the energy consumption of the robot and the cycle time

This study considers a flowshop type production system consisting of m machines. A material handling robot transports the parts between the machines and loads and unloads the machines. We consider the sequencing of the robot moves and determining the speeds of these moves simultaneously. These decisions affect both the robot’s energy consumption and the production speed of the system. In this study, these two objectives are considered simultaneously. We propose a second order cone programming formulation to find Pareto efficient solutions. We also develop a heuristic algorithm that finds a set of approximate Pareto efficient solutions. The conic formulation can find robot schedules for small cells with less number of machines in reasonable computation times. Our heuristic algorithm can generate a large set of approximate Pareto efficient solutions in a very short computational time. Proposed solution approaches help the decision-maker to achieve the best trade-off between the throughput of a cell and the energy efficiency of a material handling robot.     

二元稀土系AB5型贮氢电极合金的放电容量与晶胞体积和4f电子浓度的关系

制备了6个系列通式为AαA‘1-αB5的RE(NiCoMnTi)5贮氢电极合金(其中，AαA‘1-α为La，Ce，Pr，Nd4个元素中任意2个的组合)，测定了它们在100次循环中的最大放电容量Cmax及部分合金的晶胞体积Vcell．结果表明：Cmax主要由Vcell决定，Cmax先随Vcell的增大而增加，在Vcell≈85．66x10^-^3。nm^3时达到一极大值，然后又随Vcell的增大而减小；同时，Cmax还与4f电子浓度ne4f／naRE有关，A侧具有相同4f电子浓度的合金其Cmax随4f电子浓度的变化趋势相似．     

一种新颖的低层视觉特征到高层语义的映射方法*

通过在低层视觉特征上提取图像的局部颜色和纹理特征,再利用模糊神经网络建立低层视觉特征和高层语义特征之间的映射,实现了图像属性信息的有效传递和可靠检索.最后,为了提高检索效率,把相关反馈引进到图像检索系统中.实验证明,该方法取得了较好的检索查全率和准确率.     

3种高电流密度离子膜电解槽的性能对比与介绍

目前离子膜电解槽的发展方向为复极、自然循环、高电流密度、低电耗，伍德诺拉公司BM2．7-Ⅲ型槽、美国西方化学公司ExL^B-65槽、日本氯工程公司BiTAC-858槽即具有这些先进性能。对这3种槽进行了介绍与对比。     

应力交变下微型土压力计的标定及应用

为了研究土压力计在不同应力状态下的敏感系数,利用镶嵌有微型土压力计的模型桩,按照两种方式设计应力交变加载模式进行标定:(a)从初始零应力状态分级加载—卸载至零;(b)从初始零应力状态加载到应力最大值,分级卸载—加载,逐渐到零应力状态。研究结果表明:初始应力为零的加载曲线线性较好,敏感系数可用线性函数进行拟合;初始应力不为零的加载曲线线性也较好,敏感系数也可用线性函数进行拟合;而卸载曲线包含显著的非线性和滞后效应,此时敏感系数就不是一个固定值,可采用指数曲线来进行拟合。将获取的标定系数应用于水平受荷模型桩的桩身应力分析中,在加载过程中3.5D~5.5D深处桩身应力一直变大,且变化幅度最大。研究成果可为水利工程中板桩、抗滑桩等水平受荷桩桩身截面尺寸及配筋设计提供参考。     

Transformation of β-Ni(OH)2 to NiO nano-sheets via surface nanocrystalline zirconia coating: Shape and size retention

Shape and size of the synthesized NiO nano-sheets were retained during transformation of sheet-like β-Ni(OH)₂ to NiO at elevated temperatures via nano-sized zirconia coating on the surface of β-Ni(OH)₂. The average grain size was 6.42 nm after 600 °C treatment and slightly increased to 10 nm after 1000 °C treatment, showing effective sintering retardation between NiO nano-sheets. The excellent thermal stability revealed potential application at elevated temperatures, especially for high temperature catalysts and solid-state electrochemical devices.