The impact of status and audio conferencing technology on business meetings

This field study examining the effects of organizational status and multimedia audio communications technology on communication patterns in business meetings confirms that high status group members verbally dominate discussions and have more control over the flow of the proceedings. However, it reveals a new and surprising finding: multimedia communications technology can in fact exaggerate status constraints in contrast to findings that there is no effect or an equalizing effect on status inequalities of text-based conferencing technology. It appears that in audio conferences, the lack of non-verbal cues that can aid turn-taking combined with (1) the participants' knowledge of the group's status hierarchy and (2) the tendency to compare oneself unfavourably to those of higher status, makes it more difficult for lower status individuals to contribute verbally to discussions than in face-to-face interactions. Such status constraints may have both positive and negative impacts on group communication effectiveness, these and implications for the design and implementation of multimedia communications technology are discussed.     

Work-arounds and Boundary Crossing in a High Tech Optronics Company: The Role of Co-operative Workflow Technologies

This study examines how some employeescoped with the exceptions that they encountered withtheir on-going use of a co-operative workflowtechnology in an optronics company. By drawing on thecase material, this paper will indicate thatapproaches which view work as being capable of beingplanned and managed through the formal authority ofthe hierarchy are insufficient. Instead, this paperwill suggest that exception handling, work-arounds andimprovisation are more characteristic of humanactivity. Computer supported co-operative work will beconceptualised as being embedded in a dynamicrelationship between the context it is situatedwithin, and the actors that engage in it. Theprinciples underlying ethnography have informed theresearch approach.     

劝导技术及其设计评估的分析

劝导技术是利用计算机、设备及应用软件来影响人类想法及行为的技术。该文对劝导技术的发展及其现状进行了综述,并着重对劝导技术的可信度及其三类劝导技术应用结果通过心理学的角度进行了分析。系统生命周期是现代设计方法理念的一个重要概念,该文介绍了系统生命周期,并介绍了基于系统生命周期中的劝导技术的设计评估行为。该文为劝导技术产品研究设计分析提供了系统的理论的指导。     

计算机技术在机械制造与管理中的应用

在我国,计算机技术在机械制造企业的应用刚刚开始起步,虽然取得了一定的效果,但在应用规模、范围上与发达国家相比还存在较大的距离。为了加快我国机械企业信息化的步伐,本文具体探讨了计算机技术在我国机械制造与管理中应用特点与现状,列举了一些实例,探讨了计算机技术在机械制造与管理中的应用发展。     

WEB应用系统安全分析与设计

Web应用系统的安全对整个网络的安全至关重要。积极运用各种安全技术、认真研究防范措施,是Web应用系统建设中的关键问题之一。该文阐述了Web安全相对于网络安全的特殊之处,总结了常用的Web安全技术,对通用体系结构的Web应用系统安全性进行了分析,并给出了各环节应采用的安全技术。     

自然主义——新艺术者的梦幻出口——浅析自然主义在设计史上盛极而衰的原因

自然主义对许多艺术门类都产生过深刻影响,在设计领域中,以自然主义为主要特点的新艺术运动曾在一个重大的设计变革时期——工业革命后风靡各国,然而却又在短短十多年后沉寂下来,本文主要分析自然主义为什么会在设计史的重要阶段产生如此特别的表现。     

电脑黑客与网络安全

叙述了黑客对网络安全的破坏作用,说明了黑客对网络进行病毒攻击的手段和信息轰炸的攻击方法,并利用敌方网络系统进行情报窃取、情报欺骗。对网络安全的防护技术进行了探讨。     

土石坝渗流及应对施工技术探析

对土石坝出现流土、管涌及冲刷破坏进行了探索分析．对当今水利技术条件下的土石坝应对技术做出了探讨性分析。     

Using online collaboration applications for group assignments: The interplay between design and human characteristics

In recent years, educators and students are increasingly employing online collaboration applications such as Google Docs™ and PBWorks™ for group projects and assignments. Yet, the effectiveness of these emerging technologies has not been rigorously examined. Anchoring upon and informed by the existing literature, two design characteristics – sociability and visibility, and two human characteristics – gender and age, are focused on, which are salient in online collaboration applications. A field experiment was conducted to examine the direct and moderating effects of design and human characteristics on learning outcomes. The research found that sociability improved process satisfaction and positive social environment while visibility enhanced academic performance and solution satisfaction of learners. Males had higher solution satisfaction while older learners had higher academic performance. Moderating effects were also found. Both theoretical and practical implications are drawn. In particular, a rubric for online collaboration application selection for academic performance is conceived. This study provides empirical support for online collaboration application effectiveness in education which will augur well for future adoption, use and evolution.