小氮肥企业高氨氮废水处理的试验研究

针对小氮肥厂生产废水的排放现状及其对城市污水处理厂的影响 ,在试验的基础上提出了处理高含氨氮废水的空气吹脱—好氧硝化处理工艺 .空气吹脱可有效地去除解吸液中的氨氮 ,氨氮浓度由 1869.3mg/L降至 40 8.3mg/L ,去除率为 78% ;好氧生物硝化可有效地去除混合生产废水中的氨氮 ,氨氮浓度由 2 41mg/L降低为 2 3 .2mg/L ,去除率达 90 % ,达到国家二级排放标准     

应用实时控制实现和稳定短程硝化反硝化

以实际豆制品生产废水为处理对象,采用SBR反应器研究了过度曝气(曝气时间过长)对短程硝化的影响,在此基础上提出了应用实时控制技术在常温、正常溶解氧和中性pH值时实现和稳定短程硝化的新方法。试验结果表明,在反应器温度为(28±0.5)℃、过度曝气12周期后,硝化类型就由亚硝酸盐积累率为96%的短程硝化转变为亚硝酸盐积累率为39%的全程硝化;而应用实时控制策略在反应器温度为(27±0.5)℃和(25±0.5)℃时可较好地维持短程硝化反硝化,且经过两个月的运行硝化类型也没有改变,亚硝酸盐积累率仍然保持在96%以上。因此可以得出,好氧反应时间的控制在亚硝化阶段基本结束时是维持并稳定短程硝化的关键。实际上,即使在能充分实现短程硝化的条件下,过度曝气也能使短程硝化向全程硝化转化。     

不同条件下UBAF的硝化性能研究

采用以陶粒为填料的上向流曝气生物滤池(UBAF)处理城市污水,考察了水力负荷、有机容积负荷和氨氮容积负荷对UBAF硝化性能的影响.结果表明:随着水力负荷的提高,UBAF的硝化性能加速下降,当水力负荷由0.8 m3/(m2·h)增至1.5 m3/(m2·h)时,UBAF对NH+4-N的平均去除率仅下降了4.87%,当继续增至2.2 m3/(m2·h)时,UBAF对NH+4-N的平均去除率又下降了9.80%;当有机容积负荷从0.86 kgCOD/(m3·d)增至2.56 kgCOD/(m3·d)时,UBAF对NH4+-N的平均去除率仅下降了4.15%,当继续增至3.92 kgCOD/(m3·d)时,对NH+4-N的平均去除率又下降了8.77%,虽降幅增大但仍能实现对NH+4-N的平均去除率＞75%;当NH4+-N容积负荷从0.24 kgNH4+-N/(m3·d)增至0.41 kgNH+4-N/(m3·d)时,UBAF对NH+4-N的平均去除率仅下降了3.59%,当继续增至0.51 kgNH+4-N/(m3·d)时,对NH+4-N的平均去除率又下降了6.82%(UBAF的硝化性能加速下降).     

钙离子浓度对活性污泥处理系统脱氮效果的影响

考察了钙离子浓度对活性污泥系统脱氮效果的影响。在单级序批式反应器(SBR)中,对于化学需氧量(COD)为680 mg/L、氨氮(NH⁺₄-N)质量浓度为20 mg/L的自配废水,逐步增加钙离子浓度,测定了在不同钙离子浓度下的总氮(TN)去除率、NH⁺₄-N去除率、亚硝酸氮(NO^-₂-N)和硝酸氮(NO^-₃-N)累积量及污泥体积指数(SVI),并采用最大或然数(MPN)法测得亚硝酸菌、硝酸菌和反硝化菌数量的变化规律。结果表明,在钙离子质量浓度为480~1000 mg/L时,SVI为25 mL/g,污泥颗粒密实度较大,系统中硝酸菌与反硝化菌的数量均维持在10⁴~10⁵数量级,TN和NH⁺₄-N去除率均在90%以上,NO^-₃-N累积量小于0.25 mg/L,实现了同步硝化反硝化(SND)作用,这是实现较高脱氮效果的主要原因。     

短程硝化反硝化技术研究进展

综述了国内外短程硝化反硝化的技术进展。从短程硝化反硝化技术的影响因素、控制方式以及氨氧化菌的分子生物学研究等方面进行了分析,为在更普遍、更广泛的条件下实现短程硝化生物脱氮技术提供参考和支持。     

Development of microbial fuel cell with anoxic/oxic design for treatment of saline seafood wastewater and biological electricity generation

BACKGROUND: Sustainable technologies need to be developed to treat saline seafood wastewater (SSW) efficiently. This study focused on the feasibility of a continuously operated microbial fuel cell (MFC) with modified anoxic/oxic (A/O) architecture (A/O–MFC) for power generation and treatment of SSW simultaneously. RESULTS: Hydraulic retention time (HRT) was shown to have an impact on polarization and power output of the A/O–MFC and the maximum power density of 16.2 W m^?3 was obtained at a current density of 41.7 A m^?3 and HRT of 4.2 h. High salinity together with advective flow mode enabled a low and constant internal resistance of approximately 100 Ω throughout the experiments. Besides, pH of waste stream in both compartments was found always near neutral level. Increasing HRT could improve eliminability of soluble chemical oxygen demand (sCOD) and biological nitrification. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides a proof‐in‐concept demonstration to utilize an MFC for effective and sustainable treatment of SSW along with recovery of electrical energy. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

气升式内循环反应器短程硝化控制策略的研究

在启动气升式内循环短程硝化反应器的基础上,通过正交试验研究了各操作条件对短程硝化的联合效应.结果表明,最优组合为： 温度35℃、pH 8.0、溶解氧质量浓度1.0 mg/L、反应器中氨氮质量浓度56 mg/L、水力停留时间16 h,其中pH、温度、溶解氧质量浓度为显著因子.根据试验和分析结果,提出了短程硝化的“优先–联合”控制策略.采用该控制策略对短程硝化反应器的运行进行优化,30 d的运行结果证明,反应器运行稳定,出水中［NO-2］/［NOx-］最低值为0.896,最高值为0.976,平均值为0.945,明显高于采用本控制策略前的［NO-2］/［NOx-］平均值.所提出的控制策略能够实现短程硝化反应器的高效稳定运行.     

Phosphorus removal in the activated sludge process

The results from this research suggest that both calcium phosphate precipitation and enhanced biological uptake play a role in phosphorus removal in the activated sludge process when a non-nitrifying, anaerobic-aerobic system is used to treat a low calcium wastewater. The primary removal mechanism was found to be biological uptake, as calcium phosphate precipitation accounted for only 15–27% of the total phosphorus removed. Calcium phosphate precipitation in the aerobic unit was enhanced because of the pH increase in that reactor. This was the result of low CO₂ production (indicated by low specific oxygen uptake values) and intense aeration which caused excessive CO₂ stripping in the aerobic unit     

电子受体质量浓度对反硝化除磷过程的影响

目的为研究一种最佳的节能生物除磷方法.方法在传统SBR反应器中,考察了分别以NO3--N和NO2--N为电子受体的反硝化除磷过程中的脱氮吸磷现象.结果试验表明以NO3--N为电子受体硝酸型反硝化除磷过程在除磷效果上要优于以NO2--N为电子受体的亚硝酸型反硝化除磷体系,TP去除率可高出20%,但脱氮效果相对低9%.结论将电子受体浓度控制在最佳条件下,有利于反硝化脱氮除磷效果.     

Nitrification in a packed bed bioreactor integrated into a marine recirculating maturation system under different substrate concentrations and flow rates

BACKGROUND: A packed bed bioreactor (PBBR) activated with an indigenous nitrifying bacterial consortia was developed and commercialized for rapid establishment of nitrification in brackish water and marine hatchery systems in the tropics. The present study evaluated nitrification in PBBR integrated into a Penaeus monodon recirculating maturation system under different substrate concentrations and flow rates. RESULTS: Instant nitrification was observed after integration of PBBR into the maturation system. TAN and NO₂‐N concentrations were always maintained below 0.5 mg L^?1 during operation. The TAN and NO₂‐N removal was significant (P < 0.001) in all the six reactor compartments of the PBBR having the substrates at initial concentrations of 2, 5 and 10 mg L^?1. The average volumetric TAN removal rates increased with flow rates from 43.51 (250 L h^?1) to 130.44 (2500 L h^?1) gTAN m^?3 day^?1 (P < 0.05). FISH analysis of the biofilms after 70 days of operation gave positive results with probes NSO 190 ((β ammonia oxidizers), NsV 443 (Nitrosospira spp.) NEU (halophilic Nitrosomonas), Ntspa 712 (Phylum Nitrospira) indicating stability of the consortia. CONCLUSION: The PBBR integrated into the P. monodon maturation system exhibited significant nitrification upon operation for 70 days as well as at different substrate concentrations and flow rates. This system can easily be integrated into marine and brackish water aquaculture systems, to establish instantaneous nitrification. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry