固相合成In2O3纳米晶及动力学的研究

以InCl3·4H2 O和NaOH为原料 ,利用固相反应合成前驱体 ,再经焙烧合成In2 O3纳米晶。用X射线衍射 (XRD)分析了不同焙烧温度对合成In2 O3晶粒尺寸的影响。研究结果表明 :按Scherrer公式估算合成In2 O3纳米晶的晶粒尺寸在 2 0～ 3 0nm ,焙烧温度越高 ,晶粒尺寸越大 ;根据前驱体不同升温速率下的差热 (DTA)曲线 ,用Kissinger和Ozawa法计算了合成In2 O3纳米晶的活化能分别为 167.0 3和 176.0 6kJ·mol- 1 ,差别不大 ;根据晶粒生长动力学理论计算In2 O3晶粒长大的活化能为 2 .82kJ·mol- 1 ,表明热处理过程In2 O3纳米晶粒的长大主要以界面扩散为主。     

A Study of Grain Growth Kinetics in Sintered NdFeB Magnets

ＵｐｔｏｎｏｗｈｉｇｈｐｅｒｆｏｒｍａｎｃｅａｎｉｓｏｔｒｏｐｉｃＮｄＦｅＢ ｔｙｐｅｍａｇｎｅｔｓａｒｅｍａｉｎｌｙｍａｎｕｆａｃｔｕｒｅｄｂｙｔｈｅｐｏｗｄｅｒｍｅｔａｌｌｕｒｇｙｔｅｃｈｎｉｑｕｅ[1] .Ｔｈｅｆｉ ｎａｌｍｉｃｒｏｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅｏｆｓｉｎｔｅｒｅｄＮｄＦｅＢｍａｇｎｅｔｓｉｓｄｅｔｅｒｍｉｎｅｄｂｙｔｈｅｐｒｅ ａｌｌｏｙｐｏｗｄｅｒｐａｒａｍｅ ｔｅｒｓａｎｄｓｉｎｔｅｒｉｎｇｃｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎｓ .Ｔｈｅｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｉ ｃａｌｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｃｅｏｆＮｄ2 Ｆｅ14 Ｂｇ…     

Fe-C-Mn-Al系TRIP钢两相区奥氏体转变模拟

为了研究Fe-C-Mn-A1系TRIP钢两相区奥氏体化过程中合金元素在奥氏体和铁素体中的分布,利用热膨胀仪、金相显微镜、电子探针等仪器,在对TRIP钢两相区奥氏体化过程进行热力学与动力学分析的基础上,建立了两相区奥氏体化过程的扩散模型,采用显式有限体积法对800℃与840℃的奥氏体化过程进行了数值求解.模拟结果表明:奥氏体转变初期受C元素在奥氏体中的扩散控制达到亚平衡,奥氏体转变速率较快;此时A1元素在奥氏体与铁素体界面处的浓度差较显著,Mn元素在奥氏体与铁素体界面处的浓度差不显著.奥氏体转变后期受Mn元素在铁素体内的扩散控制,转变速率较慢;此时A1元素在铁素体内已大量富集,Mn元素在奥氏体与铁索体界面处有较显著的浓度差.     

过量PbO对TGG法定向生长PMNT多晶体动力学影响的研究

采用传统陶瓷工艺和添加过量 Pb O的 TGG方法实现了 PMNT多晶体沿 <0 0 1>方向的定向生长 ,对多晶体定向生长的动力学进行了详细的研究。结果表明 ,PMNT多晶体定向生长的厚度随过量 Pb O的增加而线性增加 ,它的生长是热激活扩散与溶解 -沉积过程二者综合作用的结果。只要选择适当的生长时间 ,在 PMNT基体中添加过量的Pb O,不但不会影响陶瓷的组分还可以显著提高多晶体的定向生长速度。而且 ,PMNT多晶体定向生长厚度与生长时间的 1/3方呈线性关系 ,属于典型的扩散控制的生长行为。实验表明 ,采用添加 2 0 %过量的 Pb O、在 115 0℃生长10 h是制备 PMNT取向多晶体较为合适的工艺条件     

Degradation of Anionic Dye Eosin by Glow Discharge Electrolysis Plasma

This paper describes a novel method for the degradation of eosin by using glow discharge electrolysis （GDE）. The effects of various parameters on the removal efficiency were studied. It was found that the eosin degradation could be raised considerably by increasing the applied voltage and the initial concentration, or by decreasing pH of the aqueous solution. Fe^2＋ ion had an evident accelerating effect on the eosin degradation. The degradation process of eosin obeyed a pseudo-first-order reaction. The relationship between the degradation rate constant k and the reaction temperature T could be expressed by Arrhenius equation with which the apparent activation energy Ea of 14.110 kJ· mol^-1 and the pre-exponential factor k0 of 2.065× 10^-1 min^-1 were obtained, too. The determination of hydroxyl radical was carried out by using N, N-dimethyl -p-nitrosoaniline （RNO） as a scavenger. The results showed that the hydroxyl radical plays an important role in the degradation process.     

烷基磷酸酯的合成及动力学研究

采用五氧化二磷法直接酯化制备烷基磷酸酯。研究了反应机理,建立了反应动力学方程。在本实验条件下,测出反应的表观活化能为42.8 kJ.mol-1,指前因子为864 L.mol-1.min-1。同时,得到了反应的表观动力学方程。     

Characterization of Inhibitory Capability on Hyperpolarization-Activated Cation Current Caused by Lutein (β,ε-Carotene-3,3′-Diol), a Dietary Xanthophyll Carotenoid

Lutein (β,ε-carotene-3,3′-diol), a xanthophyll carotenoid, is found in high concentrations in the macula of the human retina. It has been recognized to exert potential effectiveness in antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. However, whether and how its modifications on varying types of plasmalemmal ionic currents occur in electrically excitable cells remain incompletely answered. The current hypothesis is that lutein produces any direct adjustments on ionic currents (e.g., hyperpolarization-activated cation current, I_h [or funny current, I_f]). In the present study, GH₃-cell exposure to lutein resulted in a time-, state- and concentration-dependent reduction in I_h amplitude with an IC₅₀ value of 4.1 μM. There was a hyperpolarizing shift along the voltage axis in the steady-state activation curve of I_h in the presence of this compound, despite being void of changes in the gating charge of the curve. Under continued exposure to lutein (3 μM), further addition of oxaliplatin (10 μM) or ivabradine (3 μM) could be effective at either reversing or further decreasing lutein-induced suppression of hyperpolarization-evoked I_h, respectively. The voltage-dependent anti-clockwise hysteresis of I_h responding to long-lasting inverted isosceles-triangular ramp concentration-dependently became diminished by adding this compound. However, the addition of 10 μM lutein caused a mild but significant suppression in the amplitude of erg-mediated or A-type K⁺ currents. Under current-clamp potential recordings, the sag potential evoked by long-lasting hyperpolarizing current stimulus was reduced under cell exposure to lutein. Altogether, findings from the current observations enabled us to reflect that during cell exposure to lutein used at pharmacologically achievable concentrations, lutein-perturbed inhibition of I_h would be an ionic mechanism underlying its changes in membrane excitability.     

Removal of an Azo Dye from Wastewater through the Use of Two Technologies: Magnetic Cyclodextrin Polymers and Pulsed Light

Water pollution by dyes is a huge environmental problem; there is a necessity to produce new decolorization methods that are effective, cost-attractive, and acceptable in industrial use. Magnetic cyclodextrin polymers offer the advantage of easy separation from the dye solution. In this work, the β-CD-EPI-magnetic (β-cyclodextrin-epichlorohydrin) polymer was synthesized, characterized, and tested for removal of the azo dye Direct Red 83:1 from water, and the fraction of non-adsorbed dye was degraded by an advanced oxidation process. The polymer was characterized in terms of the particle size distribution and surface morphology (FE-SEM), elemental analysis (EA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), infrared spectrophotometry (IR), and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). The reported results hint that 0.5 g and pH 5.0 were the best conditions to carry out both kinetic and isotherm models. A 30 min contact time was needed to reach equilibrium with a qmax of 32.0 mg/g. The results indicated that the pseudo-second-order and intraparticle diffusion models were involved in the assembly of Direct Red 83:1 onto the magnetic adsorbent. Regarding the isotherms discussed, the Freundlich model correctly reproduced the experimental data so that adsorption was confirmed to take place onto heterogeneous surfaces. The calculation of the thermodynamic parameters further demonstrates the spontaneous character of the adsorption phenomena (ΔG° = −27,556.9 J/mol) and endothermic phenomena (ΔH° = 8757.1 J/mol) at 25 °C. Furthermore, a good reusability of the polymer was evidenced after six cycles of regeneration, with a negligible decline in the adsorption extent (10%) regarding its initial capacity. Finally, the residual dye in solution after treatment with magnetic adsorbents was degraded by using an advanced oxidation process (AOP) with pulsed light and hydrogen peroxide (343 mg/L); >90% of the dye was degraded after receiving a fluence of 118 J/cm²; the discoloration followed a pseudo first-order kinetics where the degradation rate was 0.0196 cm²/J. The newly synthesized β-CD-EPI-magnetic polymer exhibited good adsorption properties and separability from water which, when complemented with a pulsed light-AOP, may offer a good alternative to remove dyes such as Direct Red 83:1 from water. It allows for the reuse of both the polymer and the dye in the dyeing process.     

Structural and Molecular Kinetic Features of Activities of DNA Polymerases

DNA polymerases catalyze DNA synthesis during the replication, repair, and recombination of DNA. Based on phylogenetic analysis and primary protein sequences, DNA polymerases have been categorized into seven families: A, B, C, D, X, Y, and RT. This review presents generalized data on the catalytic mechanism of action of DNA polymerases. The structural features of different DNA polymerase families are described in detail. The discussion highlights the kinetics and conformational dynamics of DNA polymerases from all known polymerase families during DNA synthesis.     

Iron Mobilization from Ferritin in Yeast Cell Lysate and Physiological Implications

Most in vitro iron mobilization studies from ferritin have been performed in aqueous buffered solutions using a variety of reducing substances. The kinetics of iron mobilization from ferritin in a medium that resembles the complex milieu of cells could dramatically differ from those in aqueous solutions, and to our knowledge, no such studies have been performed. Here, we have studied the kinetics of iron release from ferritin in fresh yeast cell lysates and examined the effect of cellular metabolites on this process. Our results show that iron release from ferritin in buffer is extremely slow compared to cell lysate under identical experimental conditions, suggesting that certain cellular metabolites present in yeast cell lysate facilitate the reductive release of ferric iron from the ferritin core. Using filtration membranes with different molecular weight cut-offs (3, 10, 30, 50, and 100 kDa), we demonstrate that a cellular component >50 kDa is implicated in the reductive release of iron. When the cell lysate was washed three times with buffer, or when NADPH was omitted from the solution, a dramatic decrease in iron mobilization rates was observed. The addition of physiological concentrations of free flavins, such as FMN, FAD, and riboflavin showed about a two-fold increase in the amount of released iron. Notably, all iron release kinetics occurred while the solution oxygen level was still high. Altogether, our results indicate that in addition to ferritin proteolysis, there exists an auxiliary iron reductive mechanism that involves long-range electron transfer reactions facilitated by the ferritin shell. The physiological implications of such iron reductive mechanisms are discussed.