Removal characteristics of disinfection by-products formation potential by bioaugmentation activated carbon process

The high-active bacteria were screened from 8 dominant bacteria obtained from the natural water body,and then the bioaugmentation activated carbon was formed by hydraulic immobilization of the high-active bacteria. Plant-scale studies on removal characteristics of disinfection by-products formation potentials (DBPFP) by bioaugmentation activated carbon process were conducted for micro-polluted raw water treatment. The results show that the bioaugmentation activated carbon process has adopted better purification efficiency to THMFP and HAAFP than traditional biological activated carbon process,and that average removal efficiencies of THMFP and HAAFP can reach 35% and 39.7% during the test period,increasing by more than 10% compared with traditional biological activated carbon process. The removal efficiencies of THMFP and HAAFP are stable because of the biodegradation of the high-active bacteria and the adsorption of active carbon. The biodegradability of CHCl3 formation potential is better as compared with that of CHCl2Br and CHClBr2 formation potentials among THMFP,and high removal efficiency of CHCl3formation potential is obtained by bioaugmentation degradation of the high-active bacteria. The biodegradability of HAAFP is better in comparison with that of THMFP,and the chemical properties of HAAFP are propitious to adsorption of activated carbon. Thus,HAAFP is on predominance during the competitive removal process with THMFP.     

A/O生物除磷工艺丝状菌膨胀的控制

为了有效控制A/O生物除磷工艺处理化粪池污水时产生的丝状菌膨胀,先后采取改变系统的COD污泥负荷(NCOD)、溶解氧(DO)的质量浓度和降低S2-的质量浓度等措施,最终使A/O除磷工艺丝状菌膨胀得到了控制,污泥沉降性能得到了有效恢复.研究结果表明:A/O除磷工艺在高NCOD条件下运行时,容易发生严重的丝状菌膨胀现象,原因是COD在厌氧区降解后仍有较高的剩余量进入好氧区,导致聚磷菌在和丝状菌的竞争中优势变弱;在低NCOD条件下运行时,由于原水中硫化物含量过高导致丝状硫细菌增殖,因此仍然存在轻度的丝状菌膨胀现象.     

一株枯草芽孢杆菌分离鉴定及其降解稠油特性

以稠油为唯一碳源,从被稠油污染过的土壤中筛选到一株高效石油烃降解茵,经生理生化鉴定和16S rDNA鉴定确认其为枯草芽孢杆茵.在摇瓶实验中,该菌最佳降解温度为35～45℃,最佳pH值为7.5～8.5,最佳盐质量浓度为8～16 g/L.在最佳降解条件下,当油质量浓度为0.1 g/L时,稠油降解率达34.3%.利用GC-nD分析知,该茵主要降解稠油中n-C9～n-C40的烷烃组分;利用GC-MS分析得知,该茵对蔡及烷基化萘去除彻底,对二苯并噻吩、芴和稠二萘等部分芳烃类化合物有降解作用,在稠油降解过程中菲及菲的衍生物有所增加.     

Isolation and identification of a sulfate reducing bacteria and sequence analysis of its dissimilatory sulfite reductase gene

A sulfate reducing bacteria was isolated from mining sewage of Daqing Oilfield by Hungate anaerobic technology. Physiological-biochemical analysis showed that the strain could utilize polyacrylamide as sole carbon and nitrogen source. The sequence analysis of 16S rDNA illustrated that the similarity of F8 and Desulfovibrio desulfuricans (AF192153) was 99%, and the similarity sequence of dissimilatory sulfite reductase gene (DSR) cloned from the strain and Desulfovibrio desulfuricans (AF273034) was 98%. Their phylogenitic analysis was basically anastomosed, and thus temporarily named as Desulfovibrio desulfuricans F8. The DSR cloned from F8 strain was 2740 bp in length consisting of three ORF, DSRA, DSRB and DSRD as a single operon (DSRABD) regulated by the same operator. DSRA contained typical conservative box of sulfate—sulfite reducing enzyme (SiteⅠand SiteⅡ), which could bind siroheme and [Fe4S4]. DSRB retained a [Fe4S4] binding site, with an uncomplimentary structure for siroheme binding. There was no conservative box in DSRD. Sequence analysis of DSR will provide a theoretical basis for quantitative detection, metabolic pathway modification through gene engineering, and sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) suppression.     

好氧反硝化菌群的筛选及其培养条件的研究

从淮北焦化厂A2/O污水处理站二沉池的活性污泥中,采用焦化废水配制的牛肉膏蛋白胨固体培养基（DM100）分离纯化出7株反硝化细菌,并通过梯度添加焦化废水的平板驯化和液体驯化,在DO=2.5 mg/L的条件下复筛出4株具有抗逆性的优势好氧反硝化细菌,分别命名F4、F8、F9、F10.优势单菌株与组合菌群反硝化能力的对比试验表明,4株混合的好氧反硝化菌群生长快速稳定,在相同的试验条件下脱氮效率高于单菌株,48 h的NO3--N去除率为98.75%.4株混合菌群的最适生长条件为：35℃,pH=8.0,C/N比=5,接种量=25%（菌液浓度为（2~3）×107个/mL）.经过筛选和条件优化,优势菌群NO3--N去除率达到90%的降解时间由96 h降到18 h.     

酸奶在储藏过程中酸度、pH值、细菌的变化

将酸奶储藏在不同温度条件下,通过测得其酸度、pH值和乳酸菌活菌数,得出使酸奶的品质变化最小、货架期较长的最佳储藏条件和酸奶的最佳饮用期.先将同批酸奶分别置于常温、4℃和-18℃下,在储藏期不同时间点进行观察,测定其pH值、酸度,观察其感官变化.采用平板菌落计数法计算活菌数.研究表明,常温储藏5 d的酸奶菌含量最高达到4.6×108cfu/mL,酸度为85.7°T,pH=4.08,有少量乳清析出,口感适宜;4℃储藏13 d的酸奶菌含量最高达到4.6×108cfu/mL,酸度为85.5°T,pH=4.05,口感适宜;-18℃储藏19 d的酸奶菌含量最高达到4.5×108cfu/mL,酸度为85.5°T,pH=4.06,但组织结构已发生改变.故4℃储藏的酸奶13 d内饮用最好.     

光合细菌(Z08)啤酒废水资源化研究

为了优化光合细菌处理啤酒废水的工艺条件以实现污水资源化,利用一株新的光合细菌(Z08)处理啤酒废水并回收菌体,探讨在光照厌氧、黑暗好氧、自然光微氧3种不同的环境条件对废水处理效果以及菌体增长的影响.结果表明:光照厌氧条件下COD去除率(88%)大于自然光微氧条件下COD去除率(74%),大于黑暗好氧条件下COD去除率(62%);光照厌氧条件下菌体总量增长率(38%)大于自然光微氧条件下菌体总量增长率(-35%),大于黑暗好氧条件下菌体总量增长率(-43%);光照厌氧条件所需水力停留时间(240h)大于自然光微氧条件所需水力停留时间(60h),大于黑暗好氧条件所需水力停留时间(36h).光合细菌可以实现啤酒废水的处理与资源化,推荐的工艺条件为:白天厌氧,夜晚好氧,光线不足时补充光源.在此条件下既可以快速降解污染物,又能获得较高的光合细菌增长量,此条件时废水中有机物转化为单细胞蛋白的转化率达到26%,有效地实现了污水资源化.     

硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)处理含锌废水的基础研究

从选取菌种开始，通过富集、驯化以及分离等过程筛选出高效去除废水中锌离子的硫酸盐还原菌（SRB）单株菌YY4，并对其除锌机理进行了初步研究。实验结果表明：锌离子主要是结合了SRB的代谢产物S^2-从水溶液中被去除，SRB产生硫离子对于去除锌离子的贡献在72％左右。     

改进的细菌觅食优化算法求解0-1背包问题

细菌觅食优化算法作为一种新兴的智能优化算法,一般用来解决连续域的问题。为了解决离散域问题,提出了一种改进的细菌觅食优化算法。采用线性递减的思想和随机的游动长度代替固定步长和随机游动方向,改进了趋向性操作方案,并将其应用于解决0-1背包问题。将改进的细菌觅食优化算法与遗传算法、离散粒子群优化算法及基本的离散化细菌觅食优化算法分别在小规模和大规模的0-1背包问题上进行了仿真比较,表明了改进的细菌觅食优化算法能取得较好的效果,寻优能力强。     

亚硝酸钠生产新工艺及模拟

提出了一个以硝酸尾气中和液为原料的连续亚硝酸钠生产工艺，新工艺具有如下特点：采用多效连续逆流蒸发流程；一效蒸发器采用液浸式，其余蒸发器采用降膜式；利用一效出口溶液的压力进行闪蒸结晶。建立了包括蒸发器、换热器和闪蒸结晶器的全流程模型。用牛顿-拉夫森法完成了过程模拟计算。模拟结果表明了新工艺的可行性，与国内普遍采用的间歇蒸发-冷却结晶工艺比较，可以节约较多的加热蒸汽。