应用化学专业实践教学模式初探

介绍了以江西农业大学理学院基础化学实验室为基础,以2002级应化专业学生为对象,以培养具有“基础扎实、知识面广、能力强、素质高”的优秀化学人才为目标,改革应用化学专业实践教学内容和方法,改善实验条件.     

水工隧洞地震作用计算模型的适用性研究

针对水工隧洞在地震作用下的计算问题,对水工隧洞地震作用计算模型进行了计算对比和适用性研究。分析常用的4种计算模型用于计算水工隧洞地震作用的可行性,通过理论和数值计算确定"径向和切向反力弹簧模型"的计算参数,研究了地震作用下隧洞上方计算土体对隧洞衬砌的作用方式。结合试验验证,该方法和数值计算对比的结果表明:围岩的法向和切向弹性抗力系数受隧洞埋深、围岩类型和衬砌不同部位的影响,随埋深的增加先增大,然后趋于一个定值,围岩条件越好,数值越大,在隧洞两侧部位的数值较大;在地震作用下,隧洞上方计算土体以切向力的方式作用在隧洞衬砌的上半部分,可以通过将隧洞上部计算土体分条后进行计算。该方法可充分考虑地震对隧洞的动力和约束作用,适用于水工隧洞抗震计算。     

JS118的杀虫活性与作用方式研究

室内生物测定研究了JS118的触杀、胃毒、拒食、内吸活性。结果表明(1)JS118对棉铃虫有明显的触杀活性和胃毒活性,对棉铃虫6龄幼虫的触杀毒力、胃毒毒力和综合毒力分别为2.486 mg/pest、0.606 mg/pest和0.4856 mg/pest。(2)JS118对试虫无明显的驱避效果。24 h内对试虫的取食影响不明显,但在24 h后,抑制试虫进食。(3)JS118无明显的根内吸活性。     

Finite-time coordination in multiagent systems using sliding mode control approach

Finite-time stability in dynamical systems theory involves systems whose trajectories converge to an equilibrium state in finite time. In this paper, we use the notion of finite-time stability to apply it to the problem of coordinated motion in multiagent systems. Specifically, we consider a group of agents described by fully actuated Euler–Lagrange dynamics along with a leader agent with an objective to reach and maintain a desired formation characterized by steady-state distances between the neighboring agents in finite time. We use graph theoretic notions to characterize communication topology in the network determined by the information flow directions and captured by the graph Laplacian matrix. Furthermore, using sliding mode control approach, we design decentralized control inputs for individual agents that use only data from the neighboring agents which directly communicate their state information to the current agent in order to drive the current agent to the desired steady state. Sliding mode control is known to drive the system states to the sliding surface in finite time. The key feature of our approach is in the design of non-smooth sliding surfaces such that, while on the sliding surface, the error states converge to the origin in finite time, thus ensuring finite-time coordination among the agents in the network. In addition, we discuss the case of switching communication topologies in multiagent systems. Finally, we show the efficacy of our theoretical results using an example of a multiagent system involving planar double integrator agents.     

Failure mode and effects analysis using D numbers and grey relational projection method

Failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) is a widely used risk assessment tool for defining, identifying and eliminating potential failures or problems in products, process, designs and services. Two critical issues of FMEA are the representation and handling of various types of assessments and the determination of risk priorities of failure modes. Many different approaches have been suggested to enhance the performance of traditional FMEA; however, deficiencies exist in these approaches. In this paper, based on a more effective representation of uncertain information, called D numbers, and an improved grey relational analysis method, grey relational projection (GRP), a new risk priority model is proposed for the risk evaluation in FMEA. In the proposed model, the assessment results of risk factors given by FMEA team members are expressed and modeled by D numbers. The GRP method is used to determine the risk priority order of the failure modes that have been identified. Finally, an illustrative case is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness and practicality of the proposed model.     

Relationship between Viscoelastic and Peeling Properties of Model Adhesives. Part 1. Cohesive Fracture

The viscoelastic and peeling properties of polybutadiene/tackifying resin compatible blends have been studied in detail. Viscoelastic properties have been described through the variations of the complex shear modulus, G*(ω), as a function of frequency, ω and peeling properties through the variations of peeling force (F) as a function of peeling rate (V).

After showing the objective character of the peeling curves obtained, the variations of the peeling force and peeling geometry have been studied as a function of volume fraction of the tackifying resin.

In this first paper, the analysis is focused on the first domain of the peeling curves, i.e. the cohesive fracture region. In this region, the peeling properties have been related to the viscoelastic properties in the terminal region of relaxation. It is shown that the longest relaxation time, τ_o, is a reducing parameter of the peeling curves, so a peeling master curve-which is independent of temperature, resin volume fraction and polymer molecular weight-may be defined. Furthermore, the variations of the test geometry as a function of peeling rate have been investigated: the variations of the radius of curvature of the aluminium foil have been analyzed with respect to the viscoelastic behavior of the adhesive, which in fact governs the test geometry.

A detailed analysis of all these features leads to a model which allows one to calculate the peeling curves in the cohesive domain from the adhesive formulation.     

氧化铝/莫来石复合陶瓷断裂行为研究

用X射线衍射方法测定了氧化铝/莫来石复合陶瓷的残余应力,并通过计算加以验证。在莫来石含量比较小的情况下,氧化铝/莫来石复合陶瓷基体拉应力与莫来石体积含量成线性关系。通过模型分析了氧化铝基体和莫来石颗粒的应力状态及其对裂纹扩展的影响。由莫来石颗粒引入的基体拉应力使裂纹倾向于向晶内扩展。观察了氧化铝/莫来石复合陶瓷断裂方式的转变,计算了穿晶断裂比率与基体应力的关系,进而建立了莫来石含量、基体应力、穿晶断裂比率三者的对应关系。这为复合陶瓷材料的制备和性能分析提供了可靠基础。     

水资源适应性利用理论及其在治水实践中的应用前景

水系统受气候变化和人类活动的影响,一直在不断地变化,因此水资源的开发利用也应适应这种变化,而不能按照固定的控制阈值或约束条件来进行。当然,也不是被动的、随意的去适应。在对水系统及其与环境变化关系剖析的基础上,分析了水资源适应性利用的原理与模式;基于对环境变化下水资源适应性利用机理的认识,提出水资源适应性利用理论的框架体系,阐述了其基本理念和关键内容;基于对我国现代治水实践的分析,分析了其暗含的水资源适应性利用理论的内容,以及我国治水实践中存在的问题及应用水资源适应性利用理论解决这些问题的可能途径。研究认为,水资源适应性利用理论对水资源合理开发、综合利用、科学管理具有重要的指导作用,为环境变化下水资源利用研究与实践奠定理论基础。     

植被排列方式及坡度对坡面流Fr影响的试验研究

为探究植被的排列方式及坡度大小对坡面流弗劳德数Fr的影响,以期揭示坡面流弗劳德数Fr的内在规律。利用人工模拟试验,系统研究了6个坡度、3种植物排列方向与水流方向呈不同走向角的条件下Fr与单位底面积的空间摩阻表面积K值的特征关系。表明在非淹没状态下,Fr与K值的关系为随K值的增大Fr呈现先减小后趋于平稳的趋势;Fr的取值随坡度的增大而增大;在一定的坡度范围内,同一坡度下,当Fr1时,同一K值下,走向角越大对应的Fr值越小,当Fr1时则相反;同一走向角下,在同一K值下,坡度越大对应的Fr就越大。得出在坡度一定的条件下,坡面植被的排列方式不同,弗劳德数Fr的取值也不相同;坡度是影响Fr取值范围的重要因素之一。     

Epileptic seizure classification in EEG signals using second-order difference plot of intrinsic mode functions

Epilepsy is a neurological disorder which is characterized by transient and unexpected electrical disturbance of the brain. The electroencephalogram (EEG) is a commonly used signal for detection of epileptic seizures. This paper presents a new method for classification of ictal and seizure-free EEG signals. The proposed method is based on the empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and the second-order difference plot (SODP). The EMD method decomposes an EEG signal into a set of symmetric and band-limited signals termed as intrinsic mode functions (IMFs). The SODP of IMFs provides elliptical structure. The 95% confidence ellipse area measured from the SODP of IMFs has been used as a feature in order to discriminate seizure-free EEG signals from the epileptic seizure EEG signals. The feature space obtained from the ellipse area parameters of two IMFs has been used for classification of ictal and seizure-free EEG signals using the artificial neural network (ANN) classifier. It has been shown that the feature space formed using ellipse area parameters of first and second IMFs has given good classification performance. Experimental results on EEG database available by the University of Bonn, Germany, are included to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.