近红外动脉血液检测中压力对脉搏波的影响

近红外血液检测技术中,透射式光电容积脉搏传感器具有携带有效信息量大的优点,可为动态光谱检测理论提供有效采样数据,但实际应用受到个体差异性的限制.为了克服不同手指端厚度给传感器带来的检测难题,分析了检测结果中压力与直流分量及交流分量之间的关系,通过不同厚度的手指测试实验,指出了存在一个最佳检测区域使得检测到的脉搏波处在最理想状态.     

电弧炉电极调节系统的自适应死区补偿控制

电弧炉电极调节系统存在死区非线性,这将给控制系统带来稳态误差,甚全会造成系统不稳定.为此,针对断点不对称且斜率不相等的死区特性,提出一种自适心死区补偿方法.通过引入死区逆非线性环节,并在线更新未知的死区逆参数,达到完全补偿死区的效果.利用Lyapunov方法证明了参数估计误差的收敛性.仿真结果验证了所提出方法的有效性.     

人工免疫动态克隆调节策略在分馏装置塔板效率确定中的应用

在石油化工领域中,分馏过程是流程模拟计算中重要的模块之一,在分馏过程模拟的主要输入参数中,塔盘效率无法直接获得,因此确定合适的塔盘效率是分馏模拟成功与否的关键因素,探索合适的方法确定板效率是精馏模拟的重要课题。本文在板效率确定方面,引入人工免疫动态克隆优化调节策略DCAS,与传统的智能优化算法相比,该算法的特点为:自动调整搜索空间及克隆规模;采用多尺度变异策略;有机结合全局与局部搜索能力。在实验中,通过建立分馏装置的机理模型,并采集装置的实际工况数据和各流股质量组成的分析数据,对所采集的数据依据稳态过程的物料守恒方程等进行剔除和校正处理,采用校正后的工况数据作为模型的输入,分别用经验法、遗传算法GA及人工免疫动态调整策略DCAS确定分馏装置的塔板效率,使模型与实际装置达到最大程度的吻合。研究结果表明,用DCAS确定的塔板效率,能够使分馏塔的关键塔板温度分布及分馏塔塔顶、塔釜主要产品的产出与实际吻合得最好,表明用DCAS搜索的塔板效率建立的分馏塔模型能够较好地描述实际分馏塔的生产过程,可以用来指导分馏装置的过程模拟及优化操作。     

胖树中的分布式动态容错路由

面向云计算的超大规模互连网络增加了对网络容错的要求,容错已成为互连网络的重要问题.为了保证网络的高可用性和高性能,文中基于胖树网络拓扑提出了一种分布式的动态容错路由方法.该方法通过引入一套链路失效消息传播机制和一套基于链路失效信息的动态容错路由算法来实现胖树网络的分布式动态容错.相比已有方法,该方法不增加网络硬件和路由路径长度,并且具有高执行效率和高性能.实验结果表明,在m端口交换机构成的胖树中,该方法可以容忍任意m/2-1条失效链路并以高概率容忍更多条失效链路的组合,同时保持网络的高性能.     

一种基于边界约束的流形展开方法

在流形学习的谱方法中, 流形展开被表述为优化问题. 这些优化问题的解是退化的, 即所有的样本将被嵌入到同一个点. 为了避免退化解, 谱方法对嵌入坐标人为地强加了一个单位协方差矩阵约束. 然而, 该约束往往导致流形展开的失真非常明显. 本文提出一种新的流形学习方法, 彻底抛弃了人为的单位协方差矩阵约束. 主要思路是先对流形边界进行嵌入, 然后再求流形内部的嵌入; 流形边界的嵌入位置被确定后, 流形内部样本的嵌入位置将被边界拉开, 使得它们不会都收缩到一个点上, 从而避免了退化解的出现. 将流形边界的嵌入位置作为边界条件, 求解一个线性方程组来得到内部样本的嵌入; 该线性方程组反映了尽量保持邻近样本间距离不变的要求. 流形边界的嵌入由简化流形的嵌入求出; 为此, 本文还设计了一种流形边界检测算法以及一种流形简化算法. 与目前代表性的几种流形学习方法进行了比较实验, 结果表明了本文方法的有效性, 其展开失真比谱方法明显要小.     

Stability of a class of discrete-time nonlinear recursive observers

This work provides a framework for nominal and robust stability analysis for a class of discrete-time nonlinear recursive observers (DNRO). Given that the system has linear output mapping, local observability and Jacobian matrices satisfying certain conditions, the nominal and robust stability of the DNRO is defined by the property of estimation error dynamics and is analyzed using Lyapunov theory. Moreover, a simultaneous state and parameter estimation scheme is shown to be Input-to-State Stable (ISS), and adaptively reduce plant-model mismatch on-line. Three design strategies of the DNRO that satisfy the stability results are given as examples, including the widely used extended Kalman filter, extended Luenberger observer, and the fixed gain observer.     

动态网站自动生成器关键技术研究

该文对动态网站自动生成器进行了研究与分析。通过对动态网站的系统体系结构进行研究,针对三层软件架构下的动态网站设计出相应的代码生成器,并对其中系统实现的关键技术进行分析。     

Shrinking‐horizon dynamic programming

We describe a heuristic control policy for a general finite‐horizon stochastic control problem, which can be used when the current process disturbance is not conditionally independent of the previous disturbances, given the current state. At each time step, we approximate the distribution of future disturbances (conditioned on what has been observed) by a product distribution with the same marginals. We then carry out dynamic programming (DP), using this modified future disturbance distribution, to find an optimal policy, and in particular, the optimal current action. We then execute only the optimal current action. At the next step, we update the conditional distribution, and repeat the process, this time with a horizon reduced by one step. (This explains the name ‘shrinking‐horizon dynamic programming’). We explain how the method can be thought of as an extension of model predictive control, and illustrate our method on two variations on a revenue management problem. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Observer design for nonlinear discrete‐time systems: Immersion and dynamic observer error linearization techniques

This paper focuses on the observer design for nonlinear discrete‐time systems by means of nonlinear observer canonical form. At first, sufficient and necessary conditions are obtained for a class of autonomous nonlinear discrete‐time systems to be immersible into higher dimensional observer canonical form. Then a method called dynamic observer error linearization is developed. By introducing a dynamic auxiliary system, the augmented system is shown to be locally equivalent to the generalized observer form, whose nonlinear terms contain auxiliary states and output of the system. A constructive algorithm is also provided to obtain the state coordinate transformation. These results are an extension of their counterparts of nonlinear continuous‐time systems to nonlinear discrete‐time systems (Syst. Control Lett. 1986; 7 :133–142; SIAM. J. Control Optim. 2003; 41 :1756–1778; Int. J. Control 2004; 77 :723–734; Automatica 2006; 42 :321–328; IEEE Trans. Automat. Control 2007; 52 :83–88; IEEE Trans. Automat. Control 2004; 49 :1746–1750; Automatica 2006; 42 :2195–2200; IEEE Trans. Automat. Control 1996; 41 :598–603; Syst. Control Lett. 1997; 31 :115–128). Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Static output feedback sliding mode control for time‐varying delay systems with time‐delayed nonlinear disturbances

In this paper, a robust stabilization problem for a class of linear time‐varying delay systems with disturbances is studied using sliding mode techniques. Both matched and mismatched disturbances, involving time‐varying delay, are considered. The disturbances are nonlinear and have nonlinear bounds which are employed for the control design. A sliding surface is designed and the stability of the corresponding sliding motion is analysed based on the Razumikhin Theorem. Then a static output feedback sliding mode control with time delay is synthesized to drive the system to the sliding surface in finite time. Conservatism is reduced by using features of sliding mode control and systems structure. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.