Modeling and performance analysis of VI‐CRA: A congestion control algorithm for vehicular networks

This study proposes a Vehicle ID‐based CAM Rate Adaptation (VI‐CRA) algorithm for beacon messages in the vehicular network. Foremost, an improved vehicle ID–based analytical model is proposed at the MAC layer of vehicular network. The model weighs the random back‐off number chosen by vehicles participating in the back‐off process, with the vehicle ID incorporated in their respective CAMs. This eventually leads to the selection of a vehicle ID–based random back‐off number, minimizing the probability of collision due to same back‐off number selection. It is worth noting that the improved analytical model outperforms the existing works in terms of average packet delay since only one fourth of the contention window size is used throughout the simulation. To enhance the performance of the analytical model, the paper incorporates a congestion control algorithm, by adapting the rate of CAM broadcast over the control channel. The algorithm is designed considering a wide range of scenarios, ranging from nonsaturated to extremely saturated network (in terms of collision probability) and sparsely distributed to teemed network (in terms of vehicular density). For better analyses of simulation results, the algorithm is applied over different vehicle ID–based back‐off numbers. Simulation results for all the back‐off numbers show that vehicle ID–based CAM rate adaptation algorithm performs better than the traditional fixed CAM rate IEEE 802.11p, even at high vehicular density.     

渤海某油田驱油用超低界面张力表面活性剂研究北大核心CSCD

目的为改善渤海X油田注水开发效果,对该油田进行了驱油用超低界面张力表面活性剂研究。方法在分析油田原油饱和分和芳香分碳原子数分布基础上,结合“相似相溶”原理和疏水端空间位置互补效应,对表面活性剂进行优选和复配。结果从5种表面活性剂中优选出了十六烷基二甲基甜菜碱和烷基糖苷APG1214两种表面活性剂,二者按最佳质量比1∶2复配后可获得超低界面张力表面活性剂。该表面活性剂在岩心中滞留损失率小,仅为11.2%;在质量分数为0.1%~0.3%时,原油的乳化和破乳率均高于90%;当质量分数为0.20%时,可在水驱基础上提高原油采收率9.4%。结论复配表面活性剂降水增油效果明显,可用于实现油田水驱后“挖潜提采”的目的。     

一种基于混沌的真随机源电路

提出了一种基于混沌的随机源电路,通过利用电容上电荷的再分配,实现了一个离散混沌系统.该电路在0 .8μm CMOS工艺下流片成功,核心面积小于4 2 0 0 μm2 ,功耗小于1m W,优于目前已有的几种实现方法.     

频率/波数谱法用于分析鱼雷壳体样品

本文利用快速傅里叶变换和最大熵谱法计算频率 /波数谱 ,对鱼雷壳体的受激响应特性进行了频率 /波数谱分析 ,得到了振动波在鱼雷壳体中传播的波数、波速、波型和波的传播方向 ,并进行了讨论     

Numerical modelling and optimisation of natural convection heat loss suppression in a solar cavity receiver with plate fins

This study details the numerical modelling and optimization of natural convection heat suppression in a solar cavity receiver with plate fins. The use of plate fins attached to the inner aperture surface is presented as a possible low cost means of suppressing natural convection heat loss in a cavity receiver. In the first part of the study a three-dimensional numerical model that captures the heat transfer and flow processes in the cavity receiver is analyzed, and the possibilities of optimization were then established. The model is laminar in the range of Rayleigh number, inclination angle, plate height and thickness considered. In the second part of the study, the geometric parameters considered were optimized using optimization programme with search algorithm. The results indicate that significant reduction on the natural convection heat loss can be achieved from cavity receivers by using plate fins, and an optimal plate fins configuration exit for minimal natural convection heat loss for a given range of Rayleigh number. Reduction of up to a maximum of 20% at 0° receiver inclination was observed. The results obtained provide a novel approach for improving design of cavity receiver for optimal performance.     

KH 150 BS加氢基础油中絮状物的分子类型分析

为了研究中国石油克拉玛依石化分公司150 BS加氢基础油(KH 150 BS)在低温下产生絮状物的原因,首先在低温下采用溶剂稀释和抽滤的方法分离出絮状物,然后用尿素提取出絮状物中的正构烷烃,并用气相色谱分析了其碳数分布,最后用气相色谱-质谱和红外光谱分析了絮状物和滤出油的组成,并且测定了絮状物和滤出油的相对分子质量。结果表明,KH 150 BS基础油中的絮状物是一些相对分子质量较大(617~819)和凝点较高的烃类化合物。这些烃类化合物主要由较长碳链、较低支化度(0.138 3~0.343 6)的链烷烃和大量的环数较低、带长侧链的环烷烃组成。在静止和冷却的条件下,这些碳氢化合物形成一个胶状的网络,将油包在其中,最后扩散到整个油中形成絮状物。     

The combustion of large particles of char in bubbling fluidized beds: The dependence of Sherwood number and the rate of burning on particle diameter

Particles of char derived from a variety of fuels (e.g., biomass, sewage sludge, coal, or graphite), with diameters in excess of , burn in fluidized bed combustors containing smaller particles of, e.g., sand, such that the rate is controlled by the diffusion both of O₂ to the burning solid and of the products CO and CO₂ away from it into the particulate phase. It is therefore important to characterize these mass transfer processes accurately. Measurements of the burning rate of char particles made from sewage sludge suggest that the Sherwood number, Sh, increases linearly with the diameter of the fuel particle, dchar (for ). This linear dependence of Sh on dchar is expected from the basic equation Sh=2εmf(1+dchar/2δdiff)/τ, provided the thickness of the boundary layer for mass transfer, δdiff, is constant in the region of interest (). Such a dependence is not seen in the empirical equations currently used and based on the Frössling expression. It is found here that for chars made from sewage sludge (for ), the thickness of the boundary layer for mass transfer in a fluidized bed, δdiff, is less than that predicted by empirical correlations based on the Frössling expression. In fact, δdiff is not more than the diameter of the fluidized sand particles. Finally, the experiments in this study indicate that models based on surface renewal theory should be rejected for a fluidized bed, because they give unrealistically short contact times for packets of fluidized particles at the surface of a burning sphere. The result is the new correlation

     

螺纹槽管错排管束的传热特性及流动阻力特性研究

1引言近年来,随着市场经济的发展,换热设备迫切需要节约能源、节省材料和降低成本的优化设计,因此强化传热技术受到了国内外的广泛重视。螺纹槽管是一种有效的强化换热管型,由于螺纹槽管的粗糙表面,可以有效地防止烟气在管内积灰而造成换热能力的下降,可以提高壁温以避免低温腐     

号码携带接口协议测试工具的功能需求研究

从当前对号码携带接口协议进行验证测试的实际需求出发,通过深入地分析号码携带接口协议的特点,掌握该协议与其它协议之间的共性及特性,从而有针对性地提出了适用于检验该协议测试工具的功能架构以及功能需求。