氧化淀粉合成工艺研究

淀粉作为胶粘剂的基体树脂主要由含多个羟基的葡萄糖单元组成,可通过化学、物理或生物等方法深加工成性能优良、品种繁多的淀粉衍生物。以硫酸铜为催化剂、双氧水为氧化剂,制备氧化淀粉。采用单因素试验法粗选制备氧化淀粉的较佳工艺条件;然后以pH值、氧化剂和催化剂用量为试验因素,以氧化淀粉中羧基含量为考核指标,采用正交试验法进一步优选制备氧化淀粉的最佳工艺条件。结果表明:当反应温度为45℃、反应时间为2.5 h、pH值为7、氧化剂为20 mL和催化剂为4 mL时,氧化淀粉中羧基含量(0.50%)相对最高。     

以丙烯腈改性淀粉为分散剂的阳离子苯丙乳液的研制

以丙烯腈改性淀粉为分散剂,采用自由基聚合法在淀粉分子链上接枝苯乙烯(St)、丙烯酸丁酯(BA)、甲基丙烯酸二甲基氨基乙酯(DM)和丙烯酰胺(AM)等共聚单体,合成出一种新型的阳离子型淀粉接枝苯丙乳液施胶剂。探讨了K2S2O8/NaHSO3氧化还原型引发剂、共聚单体等对施胶剂施胶效果的影响。结果表明:当w(DM)=2%、w(AM)=0.3%、m(改性淀粉)∶m(单体)=1.0∶1.5、m(St)∶m(BA)=2.3∶1.0、引发剂中m(K2S2O8)∶m(NaHSO3)=1.0∶1.0且氧化剂w(K2S2O8)=0.10%时,施胶剂的施胶效果最佳,并且优于传统苯丙乳液施胶剂。     

交联酯化作用对木薯淀粉表面活性的影响

以木薯淀粉（NS）为原料,环氧氯丙烷为交联剂,辛烯基琥珀酸酐为酯化剂,利用湿法工艺合成了交联淀粉（CS）、辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯（OSAS）及交联辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯（COSAS）,并用实验方法测定了NS、CS、OSAS和COSAS的基本表面活性：对钙离子的容忍度,临界溶解温度（Krafft点）,起泡性和泡沫稳定性,对植物油脂和矿物油的乳化活性。结果表明：这4种淀粉对钙离子容忍度次序为：N4种淀粉㈣点均在70℃左右：4种淀粉起泡性及泡沫稳定性顺序为：OSAS〉COSAS〉NS〉CS：4种淀粉乳化性能大小顺序为oSAS〉COSAS〉CS〉NS。     

改性脲醛树脂对提高淀粉胶粘剂耐水性能的研究

为进一步提高淀粉胶粘剂的耐水性能,在传统脲醛树脂(UF)和淀粉胶粘剂合成工艺的基础上,以环氧氯丙烷(ECH)作为UF的接枝共聚改性剂,制备环氧型UF;然后将环氧型UF与传统淀粉胶粘剂进行复配,制备改性淀粉胶粘剂。以耐水剪切强度作为考核指标,采用正交试验法优选出制备改性UF的较佳工艺条件。结果表明:当n(F)∶n(U)=2.0∶1、m(ECH)=8 g、缩聚温度为90℃和接枝共聚时间为75 min时,制成的改性UF可明显提高复配淀粉胶粘剂的耐水性能。     

经皮给药用酯化淀粉基压敏胶的制备与性能研究

以淀粉为主要原料、脂肪酸为淀粉的酯化改性剂、三氯氧磷为化学交联剂、水和甘油为增塑剂,制备了一系列经皮给药用亲水性酯化淀粉基PSA(压敏胶)。采用红外光谱(FT-IR)法对酯化淀粉的结构进行了表征,考察了脂肪酸中碳链长度、交联剂含量和取代度(DS)等对PSA性能的影响,并研究了该PSA中5-氟尿嘧啶(5-FU)和布洛芬(IBU)的经皮渗透行为。结果表明:当m(淀粉粉末)∶m(水)∶m(甘油)=1.0∶0.5∶0.5、w(三氯氧磷)=1.0%和DS=0.086 8时,辛酯淀粉基PSA具有适宜的力学性能,符合经皮给药系统用PSA的使用要求,而且其对5-FU、IBU的经皮渗透性能具有较好的调控作用。     

明胶/淀粉/聚乙烯醇复合肥料包膜的结构与性能

以明胶、淀粉和聚乙烯醇为原料,在交联剂戊二醛和增塑剂甘油存在下,用溶液共混法制备了明胶复合肥料膜.采用红外光谱(FT IR)、X-射线衍射、扫描电镜等表征了复合膜的结构,同时测试了膜的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、耐水性和尿素的释放率.结果表明,原料之间产生了较强的相互作用,形成了一个较稳定的复合体,复合膜具有良好的力学性能和...     

响应面法优化反相乳液聚合制备淀粉接枝丙烯酰胺共聚物

采用响应面分析法(RSM)中CCD数学模型优化淀粉接枝丙烯酰胺共聚物的工艺参数,考察引发剂浓度、反应温度、单体淀粉质量比对单体转化率Y<,1>与接枝率Y<,2>的影响.实验采用等高线莺叠法获得最佳工艺条件:引发剂浓度3.451 mmoL/L、反应温度50℃、单体淀粉质量比在1.54:1,此条件下,产物单体转化率为93....     

高取代度阳离子淀粉改性棉纤维用于活性染料无盐染色的研究

本文以取代度为0.6的高取代度季铵型阳离子淀粉为阳离子化试剂,对棉纤维进行阳离子化改性,用于活性染料无盐染色.通过改性棉纤维表面Zeta电位变化和染料等温吸附曲线对无盐染色促染机理进行研究,对有盐染色和无盐染色中的染料色光、色牢度和染色纤维折皱回复性和强度性能进行比较,从而对高取代度季铵型阳离子淀粉的应用性能进行综合评...     

粘土/淀粉/炭黑/SBR复合材料的制备与性能研究

以少量淀粉和粘土等量替代炭黑,制备粘土/淀粉/炭黑/SBR复合材料,并对其性能进行研究。结果表明:与炭黑/SBR复合材料相比,淀粉/炭黑/SBR复合材料撕裂强度和抗湿滑性能提高,伸张疲劳次数增多,定伸应力和耐磨性能大幅下降,且压缩温升增大;与淀粉/炭黑/SBR复合材料相比,粘土/淀粉/炭黑/SBR复合材料定伸应力和耐磨性能提高,压缩生热降低且抗湿滑性能较好。     

Synthesis and characterization of polyacrylonitrile pregelled starch graft copolymers using ferrous sulfate‐hydrogen peroxide redox initiation system as surface sizing agent

A graft copolymer was synthesized by graft copolymerization of starch with styrene (St) and butyl acrylate (BA), using ferrous sulfate‐hydrogen peroxide redox initiation system. The starch was pregelled in the presence of acrylonitrile (AN) in aqueous alkali at high temperature before graft polymerization. Major factors affecting the polymerization reaction were investigated. It was found that a graft copolymer with higher percentage conversion (PC), graft efficiency (GE) and graft percentage (GP) was obtained by controlling the initiator concentration, concentration, and ratio of monomers and polymerization temperature. The optimum conditions were as follows: H₂O₂ concentration, 12%; monomer concentration, 120%; St/BA ratio, 1 : 1; polymerization temperature, 65°C. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and NMR analyses were used to gain information on the structure of the products. It was demonstrated that St, BA, and AN had been successfully grafted onto starch and ? CN had been saponified into ? CONH₂ and ? COO^? to a certain degree when pregelling. Scanning electron microscope micrographs showed the coarse structure and broad network. The graft polymerization took place on the surface of starch granule and led to amorphization of the starch structure. Graft polymer had better thermal stability and was endowed with pseudo‐plasticity. It was observed that the starch graft copolymer offers good properties such as water resistance as surface‐sizing agent. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011