Effect of coagulation temperature on structures and properties of poly(<Emphasis Type="Italic">p</Emphasis>-phenylene benzobisoxazole) (DHPBO) fibers during dry-jet wet-spinning process

The effect of coagulation temperature on the morphology, microstructures and mechanical properties of dihydroxy poly(p-phenylene benzobisoxazole) (DHPBO) fibers was investigated during dry-jet wet-spinning process, in which the coagulation bath concentration and drawn ratio were kept as 10 wt% of PPA in water and 1.7, respectively. The structures and mechanical properties of the as-spun DHPBO fibers were characterized by FTIR, XRD, SEM, and single fiber tensile testing. The results indicated that in PPA/H₂O coagulation system, when the coagulation temperature was 25°C, highly crystallized DHPBO as-spun fibers possessing fine crystallites, circular and smooth morphology, and excellent mechanical properties could be achieved. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 50673017), Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project (Grant No. B603) and the Program of Introducing Taleuts of Discipline to University of People’s Republic of China (“111” Program) (Grant No. 111-2-04)     

模糊综合评价方法在桥型多方案选择中的应用

为了解决现阶段桥型多方案选择中过多依赖设计者经验,而不可避免的带来主观性与片面性的问题.针对桥型方案选择的多因素与模糊性特征,提出了模糊综合评价方法在桥型多方案选择中的应用,确定了影响桥梁选型的指标体系,介绍了该方法的应用模型与步骤,并结合实例详细介绍了这种方法的应用过程.结果验证了这一方法的简明性和实用性.有利于减少桥梁型式选择的失误,提高其客观性与合理性,以得出最佳方案.     

改性纤维素增强丙烯酰胺水凝胶的合成与拉伸性能研究

采用水媒法制备了低取代度羧甲基纤维素,并用接枝聚合法制备了改性纤维素/丙烯酰胺水凝胶,考察了单体质量比、取代度等对水凝胶拉伸性能的影响.结果表明:对于接枝聚合反应,采用低取代度羧甲基纤维素可以提高纤维素的有效用量;当交联剂用量为180 mg/L、引发剂1 300 mg/L、低取代度羧甲基纤维素和丙烯酰胺质量比在1∶4 ～ 1∶4.5之间、单体质量分数为30%时,合成水凝胶的拉伸强度达到0.28 MPa;在此基础上,适量添加15%的淀粉可使水凝胶拉伸强度达到0.47 MPa;添加1%二氧化钛可使水凝胶拉伸强度达到0.38 MPa.     

具有分布时滞的Liénard型方程周期解的存在性

考察了具有分布时滞的Liénard型方程,利用重合度理论研究其周期解问题,得到了该方程周期解存在的充分条件,结论丰富了现有文献的结果．     

聚合度对纤维素表面性能的影响

根据Washburn浸渍理论和van Oss-Good-Chaudhury组合理论及应用柱状灯芯技术测试了具有不同聚合度(DP)的纤维素的表面性能,同时与已报道的纤维素的表面能进行了比较。结果表明:纤维素的表面能随分子量的增加而增大,但主要是其Lifshitz-van der Waals力在起主导作用。研究还发现纤维素的表面能γS与聚合度DP之间的关系大致可以描述为:γS=37.56+0.02 DP,而纤维素的极性率P与聚合度DP之间的关系则是一种非线性关系,如:P=11.88-0.02 DP+9.10 DP2。     

Loss of Curing Agent During Thin Film (Droplet) Curing of Thermoset Material

Recently, it has been reported by our group and others^1.2 that loss of curing agent is encountered during the curing of small droplets or thin films of amine cured epoxies. In our earlier study³ results were reported on loss of curing agent in small droplets used in conducting the rnicrobond, single fiber test for determination of interfacial shear strength (ISS). It was reported that use of a volatile curing agent (meta-phenylene diamine (m-PDA) with DGEBA resin) resulted in increasing amounts of curing agent being lost (as measured by T₈ of the cured droplets) with decreasing droplet size during the processing procedure. Droplets smaller than 150 micrometers were seen to lose up to 40% of the curing agent leading to alteration of the mechanical properties of the droplet and, therefore, causing measured values of ISS to be exceedingly low. Use of a less volatile curing agent (Jeffamine 700, a polyether diamine, Texaco Specialty Chemicals) in combination with DGEBA resin produced results which indicated that loss of curing agent was not occuring. This study was undertaken to show the relationships between film (or droplet) size and the amount of curing agent lost (during the processing) for three different aminecured epoxy systems.     

煤的物理性质与电力生产

主要介绍煤的一些物理性质在其燃烧时产生的影响,以便更好地了解煤质对电力生产的影响。     

On‐line determination of the conversion in a styrene bulk polymerization batch reactor using near‐infrared spectroscopy

A fast on‐line method for measuring the monomer conversion of a styrene batch polymerization reaction with near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIR) has been developed. Multivariate calibration was performed, using polymer samples having temperatures around the set point of the batch reactor (75–85°C) and monomer conversions up to 35%. The calibration model was built in such a way that the effect of the temperature on the predicted conversion of the sample was minimized. The method was validated in a number of batch runs. In these runs, the batch temperature and molar mass distributions of the polymer were varied. At‐line size‐exclusion chromatography was used as a reference method for measuring the monomer conversion. Results show that on‐line conversion monitoring with NIR offered overall an excellent accuracy (～ 0.32% conversion). For high and low monomer conversions a small bias in the predicted conversion is present. The method proved to be insensitive to both relative large changes (10°C) of the batch temperature and to considerable changes of the molar mass distribution of the polymer. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 84: 90–98, 2002; DOI 10.1002/app.10241     

自适应B样条小波函数模糊距离测量方法

目的 双目测距和单目测距是目前常用的两种基于光学传感器的测距方法,双目测距需要相机标定和图像配准,计算量大且测量范围有限,而单目测距减少了对设备和场地的要求,加快了计算时间。为了解决现有的单目测距方法存在精度低、鲁棒性差等缺点,本文提出了一种基于单模糊图像和B样条小波变换的自适应距离测量方法。方法 引入拉普拉斯算子量化评估图像模糊程度,并根据模糊程度值自动定位阶跃边缘;利用B样条小波变换代替高斯滤波器主动模糊化目标图像,并通过分析图像模糊程度、模糊次数以及测量误差之间的关系模型,自适应地计算不同景物图像的最优模糊次数;根据最优模糊图像中阶跃边缘两侧模糊程度变化求解目标边缘和相机之间的相对距离。结果 本文方法与基于高斯模糊图像的距离测量方法相比精度更高,平均相对误差降低5%。使用不同模糊次数对同样的图像进行距离测量时,本文算法能够自适应选取最优模糊次数,保证所测量距离的精度更高。结论 本文提出的单视觉测距方法,综合了传统的方法和B样条小波的优点,测距结果更准确,自适应性和鲁棒性更高。