新型风力/洋流涡轮气动及引射特性

为高效开发利用低品位风能和洋流能,采用涡扇发动机喷管引射技术,设计含有单级涡轮和波瓣引射器结构的低品位风力/洋流涡轮,给出一种波瓣引射器的参数化方法,并基于CFX软件RANS方程和k-ε湍流模型数值研究涡轮气动和引射特性.结果表明:含单级涡轮和波瓣引射器结构的低品位风力/洋流涡轮可将其转子四周流过的能量通过波瓣引射器引入涡轮后侧,通过流向涡和正交涡共同产生的抽吸作用,降低涡轮转子后侧被压,使有效做功速度增大约1.4倍,等效于提升了能量的品位.在2~6 m/s的风能和2~4 m/s的洋流能利用方面,含单级涡轮和波瓣引射器结构的风力/洋流涡轮功率曲线与来流速度成指数增长,流通能力增大32.70%~35.33%,在低速工况能量利用率可达66%~77%.     

Anti-disturbance dynamic surface control scheme for a class of uncertain nonlinear systems with asymmetric dead-zone nonlinearity

This study proposes anti-disturbance dynamic surface control scheme for nonlinear strict-feedback systems subjected simultaneously to unknown asymmetric dead-zone nonlinearity, unmatched external disturbance and uncertain nonlinear dynamics. Radial basis function-neural network (RBF-NN) is invoked to approximate the uncertain dynamics of the system, and the dead-zone nonlinearity is represented as a time-varying system with a bounded disturbance. The nonlinear disturbance observer (NDO) is proposed to estimate the unmatched external disturbance which further will be used to compensate the effect of the disturbance. Then, by integrating RBF-NN, NDO and dynamic surface control (DSC) approaches, the proposed anti-disturbance control scheme is designed. Stability analysis of the closed-loop system shows that all signals of the closed-loop system are semi-globally uniformly ultimately bounded and the tracking error can be made arbitrarily small by proper selection of the design parameters. In comparison with the existing methods, the proposed scheme deals with the unmatched external disturbance, uncertain dynamics and unknown asymmetric dead-zone nonlinearity, simultaneously; it avoids the "explosion of complexity" problem and develops the simple control law without singularity concern. Furthermore, some imposed assumptions to the dead-zone input and disturbances are relaxed. Simulation and comparison results verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach.     

H桥级联STATCOM自适应死区补偿方法

为消除死区效应对H桥级联静止同步补偿器(STATCOM)输出电压及电流的影响,提出一种新的死区补偿方法.根据离散扰动观测器的工作原理,设计相应的观测器,对由于死区效应引起的STATCOM输出电压与参考电压的差值进行实时在线观测,并将观测到的差值作为补偿量,引入到无差拍控制系统中,实现对死区的自适应补偿.仿真与实验结果表明,该方法可以有效地提高死区补偿效果,消除零点电流箝位现象,降低STATCOM输出电流的谐波含量.     

Spar式风力机平台设计及水动力影响因素研究

针对NREL5MW风力机设计Spar式风力机平台并采用频域分析方法对该平台的水动力性能进行分析,研究纵荡板、平台工作水深以及重心高度对其水动力性能的影响。研究表明,垂荡板可将Spar平台的垂荡响应峰值降低至无垂荡板时峰值的1/3。当水深大于设计吃水的4倍时,水深对垂荡运动影响很小,这说明Spar风力机平台适合工作在水深大于4倍平台设计吃水的海域。当加压载后,平台重心低于设计重心的距离在0!0.8倍的设计重浮心距离范围内时,Spar风力机平台实际重心位置的偏离对平台的水动力性能影响较小。分析结果将为海上浮式风力机支撑平台的设计以及水动力性能研究提供参考。     

基于迭代学习控制的混合误差轮廓控制

针对永磁直线同步电动机直接驱动XY平台系统中存在不确定扰动的问题,单轴上设计了基于干扰观测器的迭代学习控制器.迭代学习控制器可以抑制重复扰动,干扰观测器可以消除非重复扰动的影响,两者结合起来可增强系统对重复和非重复扰动的抑制能力.由于轮廓误差计算模型要求跟踪误差远小于期望轮廓曲率半径,所以设计了混合误差轮廓控制器,跟踪误差较大时只控制各轴位置,跟踪误差足够小时进行轮廓控制.仿真结果表明,该控制方法使直接驱动XY平台具有较强的鲁棒性和较高的轮廓精度.     

自抗扰技术在四旋翼飞行姿态控制中的应用

介绍了自抗扰控制器的结构组成,包括跟踪微分器、扩张状态观测器以及非线性状态误差反馈律,并给出了各部分的典型算法．针对四旋翼盘旋系统的姿态控制问题,设计了连续型和离散型两种自抗扰控制器,在Simulink下搭建了仿真结构图,并进行了参数整定．仿真结果表明,文中所设计的自抗扰控制器可以满足控制精度及快速性的要求,并且具有强鲁棒性、抗干扰性能以及对非线性强耦合系统的解耦能力．     

On the Survivability of Self-repairing Control System for a Hybrid Underwater Vehicle

A hybrid remotely operated underwater vehicle （HROV） capable of working to the full ocean depth has been developed. In order for the vehicle to achieve a certain survivability level, a self-repairing control system （SRCS） has been designed. It consists of two basic technologies, fault diagnosis and isolation （FDI） and reconfigurable control. For F＇DI, a model-based hierarchical fault diagnosis system is designed for the HROV. Then, control strategies which reconfigure the control system at intervals according to information from the FDI system are presented. Combining the two technologies, it can obtain the fundamental frame of SRCS for the HROV. Considering the hazardous underwater environment at the limiting depth and the hybrid operating modes, an assessment of the HROV＇ s survivability is vitally needed before it enters operational service. This paper presents a new definition of survivability for underwater vehicles and develops a simple survivability model for the SRCS. As a result of survivability assessment for the SRCS, we are able to figure out the survivability of SRCS and make further optimization about it. The methodology developed herein is also applicable to other types of underwater vehicles.     

Effective model based fault detection scheme for rudder servo system

The inherent nonlinearities of the rudder servo system（RSS） and the unknown external disturbances bring great challenges to the practical application of fault detection technology. Modeling of whole rudder system is a challenging and difficult task. Quite often, models are too inaccurate, especially in transient stages. In model based fault detection, these inaccuracies might cause wrong actions. An effective approach, which combines nonlinear unknown input observer（NUIO） with an adaptive threshold, is proposed. NUIO can estimate the states of RSS asymptotically without any knowledge of external disturbance. An adaptive threshold is used for decision making which helps to reduce the influence of model uncertainty. Actuator and sensor faults that occur in RSS are considered both by simulation and experimental tests. The observer performance, robustness and fault detection capability are verified. Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed fault detection scheme is efficient and can be used for on-line fault detection.     

基于干扰观测器的多光伏光柴混合系统协调控制研究

提出了一种基于干扰观测器的多光伏光柴混合系统协调控制方法,并与采用最大功率跟踪控制而不加协调的多光伏系统的供电效果进行了对比.仿真结果证明,该方法减小了光柴混合系统的频率偏差,并且使各个光伏系统获得了较大功率输出.