葡萄牙风电固定电价政策解析及启示

目前固定电价政策是在欧洲国家较为普遍的风电定价政策。以葡萄牙风电固定电价政策为例,分析了固定电价政策的电价机制和电价算法,并根据固定电价公式对风电场项目的电费收入进行了预测。同时简要介绍了葡萄牙即将出台的风电新政策,将葡萄牙固定电价政策和目前我国的分区域标杆电价政策进行了对比,并对我国进一步深化和完善风电电价政策提出了建议。     

动态定价策略下的精确库存成本建模与优化

提出一种更接近实际的需求率公式,在式中同时考虑了价格和出厂时间对客户需求率的影响.基于新的需求率公式,建立了动态定价策略下的精确库存持有成本模型和库存商品的利润函数.注意到利润函数的复杂性,使用遗传算法分析了利润函数的性质,得出最优定价时间、定价价格和最大利润的关系,并分析了库存持有成本变化和消费者购买欲望变化对各定价参数的影响.     

水电BOT建设项目定价方法及策略研究

为促进BOT融资模式在水电建设中得到更好地推广和应用,在深入分析BOT建设项目特点和财务评价理论的基础上,从投资方和政府的利益点出发,探讨了BOT项目的定价方法和定价策略。     

Water and Sustainable Development in Ghana

Abstract

Water is vital for the survival and development of every community or society. The health of a given community is reflected to a large extent in the water quality of the community's available water resources. In Ghana, efforts have been made since colonial days to supply both the urban and the rural communities with potable water to enhance the rapid socio-economic development of the country. It is economically viable due to the remoteness of most of the rural communities to supply them with potable water from local sources such as groundwater. The urban water supply systems are mainly based on surface water sources. With the ever-expanding population, there is a need to improve freshwater resources conservation and management in order to avoid impending shortages. To ensure the total coverage of all rural and urban communities by the year 2020, a huge capital outlay of $1 billion and 51.5 billion, respectively, is needed. Most of these funds are expected to come from the private sector, both local and foreign, with the Government making some substantial contribution.     

Water Crisis

Abstract

Water crisis was not considered seriously at the Dublin and Rio conferences. It was put on the world agenda primarily by the Stockholm Water Symposia. Water management is likely to change more during the next twenty years compared to the past 2,000 years. The paper reviews the global water situtation based on the latest data available. In terms of water availability, it concludes that one can now be cautiously optimistic of the global water future. If there is to be a crisis, it is likely to be for two reasons: water quality and lack of investments. Neither of these two issues are receiving adquate attention at present. The roles IWRA can play in the future are briefly outlined.     

基于期权博弈理论的采矿权拍卖定价分析

采用期权定价理论对包含实物期权的采矿权价值进行评估,继而利用博弈论的研究方法研究不确定条件下不同投资者之间策略互动,最后给出拍卖项目定价的一般表达式.研究结果表明：参与投标的企业报价时应考虑投资项目的期权价值,如果可以找到供复制的基础资产,则可根据本文推出的表达式计算投标报价;如果没有这样的基础资产,则企业在报价时应至少使价格大于不包含期权价值的投资项目预期收益,以增加中标的可能性;投资权分配采用拍卖机制实际上降低了企业等待投资的期权价值,亦即降低了投资等待的价值,企业更容易作出投资决定,从而可以比垄断条件下更有效地刺激社会投资.     

南水北调东线工程水期权交易及其定价模型

提出将美式看跌水期权模式应用于南水北调东线工程水权交易市场,农业用水户运用二叉树定价模型对美式看跌期权各个阶段水价的波动以及期权价值进行分析,以做出对自身有益的决策。结果表明,南水北调东线工程水期权交易及其定价模型有利于激励节水灌溉技术的推广。     

水资源费征收的理论依据及定价方法

水资源费是我国水资源管理的重要经济手段。本文分析了水资源费征收的理论依据,论证了水资源的产权、稀缺性及投入补偿特性,并以此为水资源费的征收依据,建立了以成本费用为基础的水资源费计算方法和以市场供需为基础的水资源费计算方法。这两种方法为基于行政管理配置和市场配置的水资源管理体制提供了计算依据。     

竞争环境下的港口企业两种定价策略比较研究

通过建立港口的空间Hotelling模型,分析了同一区域内双垄断港口企业采用不同定价策略时的均衡价格、需求量和利润,并且对比了不同定价策略下港口的利润.理论研究结果表明:在服务水平相同时,两个竞争的港口企业采用统一定价策略会获得更多的利润;在服务水平不相同时,两个竞争的港口企业采取何种定价策略与它们的地理位置、内陆运费率、服务水平有关.     

Maximal covering location problem with price decision for revenue maximization in a competitive environment

In this article, we extend the classical maximal covering model in a competitive environment by including a price decision. We formulate a revenue maximization model and propose two procedures to solve it. By a careful examination of the relationships between the maximal covering problems for different prices, we reveal interesting properties of the deduced revenue maximization model, leading to a full enumeration solution approach. With the help of two more properties we develop a second, more intelligent solution procedure. Computational experiments show promising results for a small, medium and large case study.