超声和多种技术联用在废水处理中的应用

超声降解技术对废水中的各类有机物具有广泛的适应性,在废水处理中得到了广泛的关注。本文介绍了超声降解的机理和影响因素。超声降解技术和光催化、电催化、化学氧化、生物技术联用可以提高降解有机废水的效率。     

建构主义理论在有机波谱分析教学中的运用

针对有机波谱分析的特点,以建构主义教学理论为基础,强调以生为本,分阶段进行设计,通过创设各种有利的教学环境,使师生在平等和谐的交流与探讨过程中,充分激发学生的积极性和主动性,增加学生的感性认识,培养学生的想象能力,创新能力,发散性思维。     

离子色谱-抑制型电导分析蜂蜜中有机酸

建立了梯度离子色谱-抑制型电导检测器分析蜂蜜中有机酸含量的方法。采用CarboPac AS11分离柱对分离条件进行了优化,确定柱温为30℃、淋洗液为梯度洗脱的KOH溶液,抑制器电流为45mA。在1~10.0mg·L-1范围内各有机酸呈良好线性,回收率、检出限、精密度均满足要求。检测了各种蜂蜜中的有机酸含量,效果良好。     

新型有机硫水解催化剂的研制

介绍了LS-04新型有机硫水解催化剂的研制、表征及活性评价。该催化剂以氧化铝为主要原料,采用转动成型法制备载体,碱金属氧化物为活性组分,利用浸渍法制备而成。相比国外同类催化剂,该催化剂具有较高的侧压强度、更优异的水解活性及良好的活性稳定性,综合性能优于国外同类催化剂。     

综采工作面大功率电动机温度保护的实现

针对综采工作面大功率电动机损坏的问题,以东庞矿为例,详细分析了大功率电动机损坏的原因,通过对组合开关温度保护系统进行改造,利用电动机绕组中埋设的热继电器或热电阻,实现了综采工作面大功率电动机的温度保护,有效的减少了工作面电动机损坏率,保障了矿井安全生产。     

功能纳米聚合物的合成及其阳离子化产物的抗菌性

以丙烯酸甲酯(MA)和甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)为单体、乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯(EGDMA)为交联剂、十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)为乳化剂,改变单体进料n(GMA)/n(MA)值,合成了5种带环氧基的有机纳米聚合物(ONPs),ONPs与三甲胺盐酸盐反应制得阳离子化聚合物(CONPs)。利用红外光谱(FTIR)、粒径分析、电荷密度测定和热重分析(TGA)对ONPs与CONPs进行了表征;采用显微镜观察与烧瓶振荡法研究了CONPs对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌性。结果表明,CONPs是带有正电荷的微粒;ONPs与CONPs的热稳定性良好;CONPs的平均粒径和抗菌性随配方中GMA用量增大而增加。     

氟气在直接氟化反应中的应用

介绍了氟气的性质及其应用,同时介绍了氟气在无机氟化反应和有机氟化反应中的应用。     

Organic Host Materials for Solution-Processed Phosphorescent Organic Light-Emitting Diodes

As a new technology for flat-panel displays and general lighting sources, solution-processed phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (PhOLEDs) unfurl a bright future, due to their merits of high quantum efficiency and easy fabrication. In recent years, great progress has been made in the device performance of solution-processed PhOLEDs, by developing both high-efficiency organometallic phosphors and novel solution-processable organic host materials. This review highlights recently developed organic host materials for triplet guest emitters in solution-processed PhOLEDs. The solution-processable host materials are classified into three types – small molecule, dendrimer, and polymer – according to their molecular architecture and molecular weight. The material design concept and the relationships between the molecular structure, material properties and device performance are the focus of this discussion. A future strategy for the development of high-performance solution-processed host materials is proposed.     

Hybrid Organic Light-Emitting Diodes with Low Color-Temperature and High Efficiency for Physiologically-Friendly Night Illumination

Low color-temperature (CT) light sources are preferred for physiologically-friendly illumination at night due to their low suppression of melatonin secretion. We fabricated low-CT hybrid organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) by constructing a double emissive-layer (EML) structure, with a blue-red fluorescent-phosphorescent hybrid EML and a green phosphorescent EML, separated by a bipolar interlayer. By doping a red phosphor in a blue fluorescent mixed-host with a decent concentration, blue and red emissions from the host and dopant, respectively, were obtained. The CT of the optimized device was tuned to less than 2500 K, with the brightness ranging from 100 to 10,000 cd m⁻². In addition, the low-CT OLED exhibited much higher efficacy than other low-CT light sources, such as incandescent bulbs and candles. The maximum power efficiency and external quantum efficiency of the hybrid OLED reached 54.6 lm W⁻¹ and 24.3 %, respectively, which only rolled off to 44.2 lm W⁻¹ and 23.6 % at 1000 cd m⁻², with a CT of 1910 K. Low-CT OLEDs with high efficacy provide a promising alternative for night lighting that will safeguard human health.     

Selective hydrogenation of nitriles to imines over a multifunctional heterogeneous Pt catalyst

Imines and their derivatives are versatile synthetic intermediates for the industrial preparation of both bulk and fine chemicals and for pharmaceuticals, but preparing these compounds efficiently through direct hydrogenation of nitriles are hindered by overhydrogenation to secondary amines. Here we report a highly efficient multifunctional catalyst system for selective hydrogenation coupling of nitriles to secondary imines using a heterogeneous Pt catalyst that was deposited on a nickel‐based metal‐organic framework (MOF) containing DABCO. The catalyst showed excellent synergy in promoting the hydrogenation of a variety of nitriles, giving significantly improved activity and selectivity (up to >99% yield) even under atmospheric pressure of H₂. It is suggested that the Lewis base (DABCO) sites on the Ni‐MOF inhibit further hydrogenation of the imines. The influence of H₂ pressure, reactant concentration, stirring speed, and reaction temperature was investigated. The kinetics and mechanism of hydrogenation of benzonitrile (BN) by the Pt/Ni‐MOF catalyst has been studied. The reaction showed a first‐order dependence on both BN concentration and H₂ pressure. A kinetic model was proposed based on the mechanism of nitriles hydrogenation and compared with experimental observations. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 60: 3565–3576, 2014