Exploring the methods on improving CH4 delivery performance to surpass the Advanced Research Project Ageney-Energy target

CH_4 storage associated with adsorbed natural gas(ANG) technology is an issue attracting great concern.Following the Advanced Research Project Agency-Energy(ARPA-E) targeted deliverable capacity of 315 cm~3·cm~(-3)(STP), hundreds of thousands of materials have been experimentally or theoretically evaluated,while the best results still show a 35% gap from the target. Moreover, recent theoretical research reveals that the target is beyond the possibility that real materials can be designed. To get rid of the awkward situation, we make attempts on investigating the CH_4 delivery performance under other operation conditions. Methods of raising the discharge temperature(to infinite high) or elevating the storage pressure(to 25 MPa) have been proved to show limited effectiveness. In this work, it is found that the ARPA-E target can be achieved by using a decreasing storage temperature strategy. By taking 280 Co RE(computation-ready, experimental) COFs(covalent organic frameworks) as ANG materials, when reduce the storage temperature to 190.6 K, the highest deliverable capacity can reach 392 cm~3·cm~(-3)(STP), and16.1% Co RE COFs can surpass the target. The target is also achievable when storage at 220 K. Structure performance relationships study shows strong correlation between deliverable capacity and void fraction. Hence, 120 hypothetical COFs are generated to ascertain the optimum void fraction. In addition,the performance of 2 D-COFs can be greatly enhanced by increasing the interlayer spacings, e.g. CH_4 deliverable capacity(storage at 190.6 K) of ATFG-COF can be improved from 239 to 411 cm~3·cm~(-3)(STP) when interlayer spacing is enlarged to 1.65 nm.     

Room-Temperature Solid-State Lithium Metal Batteries Using Metal Organic Framework Composited Comb-Like Methoxy Poly(ethylene glycol) Acrylate Solid Polymer Electrolytes

Solid polymer electrolyte with good thermal stability and flexibility is an excellent candidate for solid-state lithium metal batteries, while its low ionic conductivity caused by high crystallinity limits its application at ambient temperature. Here a metal organic framework (zeolitic imidazolate framework-8, ZIF-8) composited comb-like methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) acrylate polymer electrolyte (MCPE) with high ionic conductivity (9.96 × 10⁻⁵ S cm⁻¹ at 30 °C) is prepared by an in situ UV polymerization method. The as-prepared MCPE exhibits improved mechanical property due to the introduction of porous ZIF-8 nanofillers, which is beneficial to suppress the growth of lithium dendrites. Consequently, the LiFePO₄||MCPE||Li cells show a high capacity of 116 mAh g⁻¹ at 30 °C and 0.5 C, and maintain 89.4% of initial capacity after 150 cycles with the average Coulombic efficiency of 99.9%. These results demonstrate that the MCPE shows great potential in solid-state lithium metal batteries near room temperature.     

Enzymatic Synthesis of Glucose- and Xylose Laurate Esters Using Different Acyl Donors,Higher Substrate Concentrations,and Membrane Assisted Solvent Recovery

Glucose- and xylose laurate esters are enzymatically synthesized using equimolar substrate concentrations in 2-methyl-2-butanol, comparing free lauric acid with methyl- and vinyl-laurate as acyl donors. All reactions result in ≥70% acyl donor conversions after 72 h but the activated donors are also partially hydrolyzed to lauric acid, highlighting the difficulty in controlling water presence in this particular reaction system. The esterification of xylose generates a complex product profile, with several regioisomers of monoesters and diesters. The esterification of glucose is quite selective, forming mainly the 6-O monoester (≥96%) with a small presence of two diester isomers (4%). Increasing substrate concentration up to 800 millimoles kg⁻¹ results in lower conversion values (down to 58%) but shows that the reaction proceeds successfully even in the presence of high amounts of insoluble glucose. However, the reaction is less selective and the proportion of diester increases, becoming up to 46% (molar fraction) of the final product. Solvent recovery after esterification can be achieved by organic solvent nanofiltration through a polymeric membrane able to retain ≥80% of all reaction substrates and products. Practical Applications: The use of high substrate concentrations during the enzymatic synthesis of sugar ester biosurfactants leads to product titers that are more industrially appealing, without the need to find a solvent that can solubilize all initial substrate. The sustainability of the enzymatic conversion at mild temperatures can be enhanced by recycling of the reaction solvent through organic solvent nanofiltration, an energy efficient alternative to other traditional methods like distillation.     

磁性金属有机框架材料制备及吸附性能研究

利用简单的溶剂热法合成了MIL-101（Fe）/CoFe₂O₄和MIL-101（Fe）/NiFe₂O₄磁性金属有机框架纳米复合材料。通过X射线衍射仪（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、振动磁强计（VSM）、热重分析仪（TGA）和紫外可见分光光度计（UV）等对复合材料的相结构、形貌、磁性能和吸附性能进行了研究。将磁性金属有机框架材料用于吸附污水中罗丹明B（RhB）,研究了罗丹明B初始质量浓度对复合材料吸附能力的影响。结果表明,制备的磁性金属有机框架复合材料的形貌均匀、结晶度高,具有高的饱和磁化强度。复合物具有金属有机框架材料和磁性材料的双重优点。MIL-101（Fe）/CoFe₂O₄对罗丹明B有较高的吸附能力（97.3 mg/g）。热力学研究发现吸附等温方程符合Langmuir模型,吸附动力学研究表明吸附机制与吸附质和吸附剂有关。磁性金属有机框架纳米复合材料作为污水处理剂将具有广阔的应用前景。     

纳米粉及添加剂对压电陶瓷材料性能的影响

采用高能球磨法研磨出PZT-5纳米粉料，添加外购的纳米有机添加剂，按照传统的固相工艺法制备出了压电陶瓷材料，研究分析纳米粉料和纳米有机添加剂对压电陶瓷性能的影响。通过测试分析可以看出，纳米压电粉料与纳米有机添加剂的综合作用，降低了材料的烧结温度、相对介电常数εr,Qm值和以d31，提高了压电应变常数d333，从而压电电压常数g33、gh、dh成倍提高，这些对制作宽带、高灵敏度的换能器是很有好处的。     

铸件内析出性气孔形成及演化的直接观察与分析

采用透明模型合金实时观察了铸件析出性气孔的形成发展,结果发现,纯物质凝固时,析出性气孔的产生发生于凝固型壳形成之后,随着凝固自型壁向中心凝固,呈现自周边向中心的气条生长。对于合金凝固,析出性气孔在凝固基本完成之后伴随着热裂及缩松的发生开始产生,呈现一定的偏聚现象。浇注前熔体过热度的提高将使析出性气孔更加密集,铸型和环境温度的降低有利于降低气孔的数量及分布范围,采用真空除气,可有效地抑制析出性气孔的产生和热裂缩松缺陷的形成。     

GH4169缺口件多轴加载下应力应变场的有限元分析

采用GH4169缺口试件在650 ℃下进行了高温拉扭疲劳断裂试验,利用ANSYS 6 1 有限元分析软件计算试件缺口周围的应力应变场,确定出试件在各种载荷状况下的应力集中系数。计算结果表明,该有限元建模方式是合理的,为以后缺口件的寿命预测过程奠定了基础。     

Polynitroalcohols obtained through nitro aldol reaction between nitro oligomers and C1‐C2‐aldehydes

Polynitroalcohols (PNA) were obtained by A_N‐reaction of nitro oligomers from ground waste rubbers (NO‐GWR) with C₁‐C₂‐aldehydes in presence of organic bases triethanolamine, triethylamine and cyclopropylamine. The A_N‐reaction was studied at temperatures from 30 to 50°C, time 4 h, and NO‐GWR : aldehyde = 1 : 0.5/2.0 mass ratios in the solution. PNA were characterized by elemental analyses, such as ¹H NMR spectra, IR spectroscopy—baseline method with internal standard and thermal analyses. The quantitative functional composition of PNA (%NO₂, %C?O, and %OH groups) was proved to be similar to the composition of PNA obtained from model butadiene–styrene nitro oligomer (BSNO). It was concluded that NO‐GWR could replace NO based on elastomers in nitro aldol reaction with formaldehyde and acetaldehyde. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 3241–3250, 2006     

气相色谱法测定有机化合物的蒸发热

本文用气相色谱测定了多种烷烃、芳烃、醇类和酯类的蒸发热。结果表明,测定数据与文献数据基本一致,误差一般在±5%以内。是一种简单、快捷的测定方法。     

表面活性剂包衣脂肪酶在有机溶剂中催化酯合成

用合成的谷氨酸二烷基酯核糖醇对来源于Candidarugosa的脂肪酶进行了包衣 ,以月桂酸与月桂醇的酯化为模型反应 ,研究了各种操作条件对包衣酶活性的影响。结果表明 ,包衣酶制备过程中的缓冲溶液的最适 pH为 6.8,谷氨酸双十二烷基酯核糖醇的包衣效果最好 ,最适反应温度为 3 0℃ ,最佳溶剂为异辛烷。在 10h内底物转化率达 94%。