大学教学价值取向的生存论反思

在生存论看来，以实存论为基底的大学教学价值取向，遗忘了追问人的生存意义。实际上，生存意义是在欲、技、道的游戏中生成的。大学教学价值向“寻求意义”的转向，实质上是“理智培育”、“技术培训”、“情感培养”三类传统价值取向在当代的共同表现形式．而非彼此对立。     

水上地震折射互换法误差分析

在理论上，用源检互换的方法进行折射地震勘探是没有误差的，在某些特殊条件下无法铺设检波器而又必须进行折射地震勘探时它也是唯一的选择，然而，在实际工作中，由于各种因素的影响，其误差是不可忽略的。为此，本文从地震折射运动学的角度对水上地震折射互换法因过河钢丝绳的重量、水的流速和流向、炮点深度等客观因素造成的解释误差进行了分析，揭示了水上地震折射互换法应注意的问题。这对水上地震折射互换法的资料解释进行误差校正提供了理论基础。     

Estimation of errors of hydrogen standard time scale preservation taking account of systematic frequency changes

Metrological characteristics of active hydrogen frequency standards are investigated on the basis of internal and external comparisons. The stability of random changes and drift of hydrogen frequency standards and also the potential capabilities of time scale preservation with effective consideration of systematic changes in their frequency are demonstrated. __________ Translated from Izmeritel’naya Tekhnika, No. 3. pp. 42–45, March, 2007.     

Evaluation of improvement of physical and mechanical properties of bamboo fibers due to alkali treatment

Bamboo strips treated with caustic solutions of different concentrations, e.g., 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 50%, were subjected to mechanical testing giving stresses on tensile strength, percent elongation at break, flexural strength, flexural modulus, and toughness. The change in average density was ?15%, and the weight loss value shows a maximum of 21.94% at 50% alkali treatment. The mechanical properties of bamboo strips increase steadily with increasing concentration of caustic soda, showing a comparable increased value at 15 and 20%, and then exhibiting a gradual fall. The percent elongation at break corroborates these observations showing a continuous decreasing trend. The properties under investigation exhibit a clear transition in between 15 and 20% alkali concentration. The morphology of strips was studied by scanning electron microscope and polarizing light microscope. The crystal structure of both untreated and treated strips was compared by XRD analysis. In both cases, the breakdown of the crystal structures of the cellulose fibers and the recrystallization or reorientation of the degraded chains that are devoid of hemicellulose are quite apparent. However, at a very high concentration (to the extent of 25%) the breakdown of structure predominates much more over the reorientation or recrystallization. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

Does social dominance generate prejudice? Integrating individual and contextual determinants of intergroup cognitions.

Social dominance orientation (SDO) has been proposed as an important variable in the explanation of prejudice. We distinguish between three conceptualizations of SDO: SDO as a personality trait (personality model), SDO as a moderator of the effects of situational variables (Person X Situation model), and SDO as a mediator of the effect of social position on prejudice (group socialization model [GSM]). Four studies (N = 1,657) looking at the relations between social positions, SDO, and prejudice in a natural setting and in a laboratory setting provide strong support for the GSM. In contrast to previous correlational findings, there is evidence of a cause (dominant social position), an effect (prejudice increases), and a mediator (SDO). These results suggest new perspectives on the integration of individual and contextual determinants of prejudice. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

真空蒸发沉积VOPc薄膜及磁场对薄膜结构与性能的影响

用真空蒸发制备了酞菁氧钒 (VOPc)薄膜 ,并在磁场中进行了热处理。用X光电子能谱、X射线衍射、紫外 可见吸收光谱、原子力显微镜等手段对制备的薄膜进行了表征。结果表明沉积的酞菁氧钒薄膜为α 型 ,成分接近酞菁氧钒的分子式。制备的薄膜在磁场中进行了热处理 ,发现磁场使酞菁氧钒薄膜性质发生改变 :UV VIS吸收谱Q带发生红移 ;XRD谱图衍射峰强度明显增强 ,峰位略有变化 ;原子力显微镜 (AFM)分析发现晶粒大小无明显变化。以上结果说明磁场的存在使得VOPc分子在热处理过程中发生了定向的排列     

Investigation of the Correlation between Texture and Microstructure on a Submicrometer Scale in the TEM

In recent years the investigation of local texture and microstructure by analysis of electron backscatter diffraction patterns (EBSP) in the SEM has become a very powerful and popular method. With the introduction of SEM with field emission guns (FEG) the spatial resolution of EBSP measurements could be enhanced from 500 nm with a tungsten emitter to better than 50 nm. This evolution of SEM techniques raises the question whether transmission electron microscopy (TEM) still has fields of application in texture research. The present article answers this question with a clear “yes” and presents three examples of investigations where TEM is indispensable. The three examples comprise the investigation of the correlation between dislocation structure and deformation texture, a study on nucleation mechanisms of recrystallization in highly deformed metals and the investigation of microtexture and microstructure in nanocrystalline materials. Together with the presentation of these cases some of the necessary measurement techniques are described briefly. It is shown that TEM has to be applied when highest spatial resolution of orientation determination and imaging and high accuracy of orientation determination are to be reached, when the three‐dimensional and quantitative characterization of lattice defects is required or when materials with a high density of lattice defects are to be investigated.     

在以纯碱为原料的非强酸性水溶液体系中采用酸碱滴定分析的误差来源及分析方法的改进

以三聚磷酸钠生产过程为例,论述了在以纯碱为原料的非强酸性水溶液体系中,由于反应不完全导致反应物中存在少量的碳酸盐,这部分碳酸盐干扰了用酸碱滴定法测量的中和度,并据此提出中和度分析改进方法.由此可以推广到其它以纯碱为原料的非强酸性水溶液体系中.     

影响GPS水准高程的因素及高程拟合方法的探讨

在简单介绍高程系统的基础上，对影响GPS高程精度的几何水准联测误差、卫星分布不对称、星历误差、多路径误差等因素逐一进行了分析，并提出了相应的改进措施。同时，还对高程拟合使用的稳健估计方法进行了探讨。     

Measuring the errors of form of industrial surfaces: prediction and optimization

To acquire maximum information on the geometrical errors of industrially made surfaces at a minimum cost, a method for estimating conditional probabilities of a random signal (Bayesian prediction) is applied to three-dimensional metrology. First, a surface is interpolated between data acquired on a coordinate measuring machine (CMM). Then, for a given probability, limit surfaces are computed that bind a region of space containing the known data and the most probable interpolation of the missing data of the surface. These bounds can be treated as the surface; their points can be considered as if they were actual CMM data when fitting a tolerance zone or a datum feature to the data. For Bayesian prediction, the basic hypotheses on the signal are stationarity, ergodicity, and gaussian density. Deviations from these hypotheses and their consequences on the prediction are taken into account and corrections are proposed.