Comparative Judgments as an Alternative to Ratings: Identifying the Scale Origin.

Although comparative judgment methods have a number of distinct advantages over ratings, they share one common problem: On the basis of comparative judgments, it is not possible to recover the origin of item evaluations. One item may be judged more positively than another, but this result does not allow any conclusions about whether either of the items are attractive or unattractive. This article discusses the implications of this limitation for the interpretation of individual differences in comparative judgments. It also presents 3 different methods that may allow determination of the scale origin using a nested model comparison approach. An application illustrates the proposed approach as well as the benefits of determining the scale origin in understanding value judgments. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Simultaneous HPLC quantification of total cholesterol,tocopherols and β-carotene in Barrosã-PDO veal

A simple, rapid and sensitive procedure for the simultaneous determination of total cholesterol, tocopherols and β-carotene in meat is described. The method involves a direct saponification of the meat, a single n-hexane extraction and the analysis of the extracted compounds by normal-phase HPLC, using fluorescence (tocopherols) and UV–Vis photodiode array (cholesterol and β-carotene) detections in tandem. Rates of recovery of spiked meat samples were 93% for cholesterol, 83–86% for (α-, β- and -γ) tocopherols and 89% for β-carotene. Repeatabilities were high (CV < 6%) for all determined compounds, except for δ-tocopherol. This tocopherol, which is not usually present in meat, showed a much lower recovery percentage (73%) and repeatability (12.8%). This methodology was applied for the quantification of total cholesterol, tocopherols and β-carotene in three muscles (longissimus thoracis, longissimus lumborum and semitendinosus) of the Portuguese traditional Barrosã-PDO veal, obtained from autochthonous calves fed extensively during summer (with the least abundant green pastures) and slaughtered in early autumn (October). Barrosã-PDO veal showed median contents of total cholesterol (0.50–0.56 mg/g) and, depending on the analysed muscle, moderate to high contents of α-tocopherol (3.3–3.9 μg/g) and β-carotene (0.07–0.09 μg/g), suggesting an high sensorial and hygienic quality.     

重庆荣昌夏布的原产地保护与技术自主创新

荣昌夏布具有原产地保护产品的特征，对该产品实施原产地保护工作存在的主要问题为没有统一的生产标准、产品结构单一及产品技术含量不高等。对此问题的解决，一方面要依靠政府的力量．另一方面企业自身要不断实现技术自主创新。     

中国南海北部二氧化碳气成因

中国南海北部海域在油气勘探中发现了CO_2气,对油气有无影响?在借鉴世界、中国东部陆地CO_2气成因研究成果的基础上,从分析研究区CO_2,气的分布入手,采用多种方法,在综合分析基础上,对本区CO_2气藏进行分类.认为研究区CO_2;气藏为无机成因,其特征受各盆地或地区具体地质条件的控制.哈萨克斯坦引起了国际石油界的很大关注,但它并不是前苏联唯一的具吸引力之地.美国地质调查调查所(丹佛)和AAPG今年著名讲演者Gregory F Ulmishek说.前苏联有20多个沉积盆地生产油气或具有尚未开采的发现.Ulmishek 1980年到美国前,获得过莫斯科石油学院地质学硕士学位,作为一个地质学家在前苏联工作过23年.他的1993—1994年题为“前苏联主要油气地质学及勘探潜力”的著名演讲在1993年12月6日至17日和1994年3月28日至4月8日的巡回活动中推出.     

基于SVM和GA-SVM的NIR光谱柑橘产地鉴别模型研究

为了建立更准确、高效的柑橘产地鉴别模型,提出了基于支持向量机(Support Vector Machine,SVM)的遗传算法(Genetic Algorithm,GA)SVM(GA-SVM)。该算法结合基因优化选择,对SVM算法进行了改进,实验结果显示,采用GA-SVM对16个地区柑橘样本开展NIR的产地鉴别,能得到比SVM更高的识别率。     

Telomere Length in Metaphase Chromosomes of Human Triploid Zygotes

The human lifespan is strongly influenced by telomere length (TL) which is defined in a zygote—when two highly specialised haploid cells form a new diploid organism. Although TL is a variable parameter, it fluctuates in a limited range. We aimed to establish the determining factors of TL in chromosomes of maternal and paternal origin in human triploid zygotes. Using Q-FISH, we examined TL in the metaphase chromosomes of 28 human triploid zygotes obtained from 22 couples. The chromosomes’ parental origin was identified immunocytochemically through weak DNA methylation and strong hydroxymethylation in the sperm-derived (paternal) chromosomes versus strong DNA methylation and weak hydroxymethylation in the oocyte-derived (maternal) ones. In 24 zygotes, one maternal and two paternal chromosome sets were identified, while the four remaining zygotes contained one paternal and two maternal sets. For each zygote, we compared mean relative TLs between parental chromosomes, identifying a significant difference in favour of the paternal chromosomes, which attests to a certain “imprinting” of these regions. Mean relative TLs in paternal or maternal chromosomes did not correlate with the respective parent’s age. Similarly, no correlation was observed between the mean relative TL and sperm quality parameters: concentration, progressive motility and normal morphology. Based on the comparison of TLs in chromosomes inherited from a single individual’s gametes with those in chromosomes inherited from different individuals’ gametes, we compared intraindividual (intercellular) and interindividual variability, obtaining significance in favour of the latter and thus validating the role of heredity in determining TL in zygotes. A comparison of the interchromatid TL differences across the chromosomes from sets of different parental origin with those from PHA-stimulated lymphocytes showed an absence of a significant difference between the maternal and paternal sets but a significant excess over the lymphocytes. Therefore, interchromatid TL differences are more pronounced in zygotes than in lymphocytes. To summarise, TL in human zygotes is determined both by heredity and parental origin; the input of other factors is possible within the individual’s reaction norm.     

Collector matching in origin potential flotation

Through thermodynamic calculation and electrochemistry analysis~ taking the galena as example,the ba-sis for collector matching in origin potential flotation (OPF) was studied. The results of thermodynamic calculation show that the upper limit value of pH and flotation potential of diethyldithiocarbamate (DDTC) is higher than that of xanthogenate (KBX), which indicates that the collecting ability of DDTC for galena is better than that of KBX.The results of the interface capacitance analysis show that lead diethyldithiocarbamate (PbD2) is more steady than lead xanthogenate (Pb(BX)2) on the galena surface under the oxidation condition; the resistance analysis shows thatD2 (DDTC oxidizes into its dimmer) and dixanthogen (BX)2 will occur non-faradic desorption on the pyrite electrodesurface when the potentials are above 0.13 V and 0.2 V respectively. A synthetical criterion ΔE of collecting ability and selectivity was proposed. The results predicted by this criterion are confirmed through flotation experiments of ore.     

Stereospecific distribution of fatty acids in triacylglycerols of olive oils

The positional distribution of fatty acids (FA) in triacylglycerols (TAG) of 47 virgin olive oils from diverse cultivars grown in distinct areas of North‐Eastern Italy was studied. Few data were previously available on oils from these geographical areas. The effects of climatic and geographical conditions on the stereospecific distribution of TAG in olive oil were confirmed. Moreover, the results of the stereospecific analysis were used to evaluate the preferential esterification position of each FA on the basis of the degree of unsaturation and the chain length. The data of the stereospecific analysis of olive oil TAG can contribute to the determination of the selectivity of olive fruit acyltransferases for distinct FA.     

防止氟化铝母液脱硅工艺中铝、氟消耗方法研究

在氟化铝母液中添加氯化铝等可溶性铝盐,可有效地阻止钠,氟,铝间冰晶石固体物质的形成,从而达到防止氟化铝脱硅工艺中铝,氟的损耗,确保氟硅酸钠的产品质量,同时提高母液利用的经济效益。     

论中西方龙形象及其文化意义的差异

中西方由于生存环境、民族意识和风俗信仰的不同而注入＂龙＂形象的象征意义及其文化内涵存在明显差异,了解此文化差异无论是对促进相互理解还是进行国际文化交流都有着积极的作用。应该以一种兼容并济的心态对待异域文化,积极正面地对外宣传本国文化。