Growth, survival and inactivation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus strains of various origin in the presence of ethanol

The influence of ethanol on the behaviour of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus strains was evaluated throughout this study. Strains of different origin were used: collection, clinical and industrial strains were selected. Concentrations of ethanol from 0 to 20% (v/v) were evaluated by automated optical density measurements and by enumeration. When growth conditions were observed, predictive microbiology models were used to assess quantitatively for the ethanol effect. Primary modelling of kinetics was performed to determine growth rate values; secondary modelling was performed on these growth rates as influenced by ethanol, and minimum inhibitory concentrations of ethanol were determined for each strain. Staphylococcus aureus strains were more resistant to ethanol than P. aeruginosa strains, in growth conditions as well as in inactivation conditions. Furthermore, clinical S. aureus strains were more resistant than the collection strain. The method was promising for management of microbiological safety in cosmetics.     

交通大学与东京大学近代校门之比较

通过交通大学和东京大学近代特定时期校门建筑的比较和分析,试图揭示两者之间所体现的文化渊源,同时引发一些思考.     

Effect of cooking on total vitamin C contents and antioxidant activity of sweet chestnuts (Castanea sativa Mill.)

In this work the total vitamin C contents (ascorbic acid + dehydroascorbic acid) and antioxidant activity of raw and cooked chestnuts was evaluated. The vitamin C contents of raw chestnuts varied significantly between the different cultivars (cv) studied and it varied from 400 mg/kg dry weight (cv Lada) to 693 mg/kg dry weight (cv Martaínha). The different cultivars behave differently during the cooking process concerning the loss of vitamin C. A significant decrease in the vitamin C content of the chestnuts was observed, 25–54% for the boiling process and 2–77% for the roasting process. Boiled and roasted chestnuts can be good sources of vitamin C since it may represent 22.4%, 16.2%, 26.8% and 19.4%, respectively, of the recommended dietary intake for an adult man and woman. The cooking process significantly changed the antioxidant activity of the chestnuts. A difference was observed between the cultivars during the cooking processes, concerning the antioxidant activity. For the raw chestnuts the variation in vitamin C content of the chestnuts explains 99% of the antioxidant activity variation but for the roasted and boiled chestnuts this percentage significantly decreases to 51% and 88%, respectively. Although a high antioxidant activity is still present in the cooked chestnuts, the cause for this antioxidant activity is less dependent on the vitamin C content of the chestnuts, probably due to the conversion of ascorbic acid to dehydroascorbic acid. The increase in gallic acid during the cooking process, presumably transferred from the peels to the fruit, also contributes to the high antioxidant activity observed for the cooked chestnuts.     

基于伏安电子舌的枸杞产地快速辨识

提出一种基于希尔伯特—黄变换(HHT)—线性判别分析(LDA)的枸杞产地电子舌辨识方法。以宁夏、新疆、甘肃、青海4个产地的枸杞为试验材料,采用伏安电子舌采集不同产地枸杞的"指纹图谱"信息,利用集合经验模态分解(EEMD)对电子舌原始信号进行多尺度分解得到一组本征模态函数(IMF),分别求取其奇异谱熵和Hilbert边际谱作为特征向量。在该基础上,利用LDA建立枸杞产地非线性组合预测模型。试验结果表明,HHTLDA与分别采用特征点提取(FPE)、主成分分析(PCA)和离散小波变换(DWT)的算法相比,具有更好的分类效果。对未知产地枸杞的总体分类精度和kappa系数分别达到98%和0.973,均表明该模型具有较好的鉴别效果。     

土家织锦的楚文化印痕

对土家织锦与楚文化之间的关系做系统的论述。楚文化是先秦时期由楚人在长江中游创造的地域性文化,与楚地相邻的土家族地区也打上了楚的烙印。他们之间文化的渊源,以及对凤的历史印记,都表现出土家族文化与楚文化之间曾经的交流与融合。作为土家族文化重要载体之一的土家织锦,更是有着深刻的楚的印痕,在织造方法上也有许多共同之处,图案风格也都呈现出几何抽象化特点。所作研究对消逝的巴楚文明的探究和见证中华文明的多元化有着积极的意义。     

广西古戏台初探究

本文从广西戏曲起源及传播路线的角度探讨了广西古戏台的起源及分布规律。在调研广西五十余座古戏台的基础上,归纳了广西古戏台的类型及建筑特点,并列举实例加以描述和说明。     

Reconstructing a Flavodoxin Oxidoreductase with Early Amino Acids

Primitive proteins are proposed to have utilized organic cofactors more frequently than transition metals in redox reactions. Thus, an experimental validation on whether a protein constituted solely by early amino acids and an organic cofactor can perform electron transfer activity is an urgent challenge. In this paper, by substituting “late amino acids (C, F, M, T, W, and Y)” with “early amino acids (A, L, and V)” in a flavodoxin, we constructed a flavodoxin mutant and evaluated its characteristic properties. The major results showed that: (1) The flavodoxin mutant has structural characteristics similar to wild-type protein; (2) Although the semiquinone and hydroquinone flavodoxin mutants possess lower stability than the corresponding form of wild-type flavodoxin, the redox potential of double electron reduction E_m,7 (fld) reached −360 mV, indicating that the flavodoxin mutant constituted solely by early amino acids can exert effective electron transfer activity.     

国外果汁产地溯源技术的研究进展

随着人们生活水平的提高和食品安全问题的频频发生,消费者更加关注食品的来源。果汁产品的产地溯源也面临着巨大的挑战。本文综述了近年来几种常用于果汁产品产地溯源技术的应用研究进展,主要包括质谱技术、色谱技术、光谱技术和其他技术,并展望了今后果汁产品产地溯源技术研究的发展趋势。     

基于玉米籽粒近红外光谱的品种与产地识别研究

为考察近红外光谱对玉米种子的品种识别与产地识别性能,采集了8个玉米品种波长范围为12 000~4 000 cm-1的近红外光谱数据,并基于此数据研究了基于PCA的光谱数据特征的提取方法,并探讨了神经网络(ANN)和支持向量机模型(SVM)在品种识别上的性能,进一步研究了玉米品种的产地识别技术,且比较了传统可见光图像的品种识别。研究发现:基于近红外的玉米品种识别,在6个主分量的情况下整体上性能达到90%以上;SVM算法较ANN算法稳定可靠,更适合于小样本情况下的光谱分析;基于光谱的品种识别与基于可见光图像的品种识别效果相当;另外发现同一品种在不同产地上其光谱特征差别较大,据此可以应用光谱进行产地鉴别,鉴别力达到95%以上。本研究所构建的方法对玉米品种识别和产地识别具有积极意义。     

基于虚拟原点概念的连续射流侵彻计算

对于沿射流长度方向具有线性分布速度的连续射流，经典的基于虚拟原点理论的射流侵彻关系式能很好的描述其侵彻行为。但对于非线性速度分布的连续射流，存在的虚拟原点不是唯一的。本文从对非线速度分布的射流的有限段线性近似和射流的应变率两个方面出发，讨论了虚拟原点概念在具有非线性速度分布的连续射流对目标侵彻深度计算中的推广问题。