The Internal Oxidation of Ternary Alloys. VI: The Transition from Internal to External Oxidation of the Most-Reactive Component under Intermediate Oxidant Pressures

The conditions for the transition from internal to external oxidation of the most-reactive component C of ternary A–B–C alloys are examined, assuming the presence of external scales of the oxide of the component of intermediate reactivity B. For this, approximate expressions for the diffusion coefficient of oxygen and for the concentration of oxygen dissolved in the binary A–B alloy matrix within the zone of internal oxidation as functions of the composition of the metal matrix within the zone of internal oxidation are used. Numerical calculations of the critical content of C needed for this transition are carried out for different combinations of values of the various parameters involved. The results obtained for the ternary alloys are compared with the corresponding data calculated for the binary A–C and B–C alloys under oxygen pressures insufficient to oxidize the most-noble alloy component. This allows to predict the possibility of existence of a third-element effect under intermediate oxidant pressures.     

Comparative effects of cobalt carboxylates on the thermo‐oxidative degradation of LDPE films

This article reports the effect of three cobalt carboxylates—cobalt stearate (CoSt₃), cobalt palmitate (CoPal₃), and cobalt laurate (CoLau₃)—on the thermo‐oxidative degradation of low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) films prepared by sheeting process. The carboxylates were blended with LDPE in the concentration range of 0.05–0.2% (w/w). The degradation was monitored by techniques such as FTIR spectroscopy, change in the mechanical properties (tensile strength and elongation at break), viscometry, surface electron microscopy, melt flow index measurements, and apparent density measurements. Studies indicate that films containing these additives are highly susceptible to thermo‐oxidative degradation. Oxygen containing functionalities such as carbonyl and vinyl species are generated on the surface of polyethylene because of thermo‐oxidation, as indicated by FTIR studies. This oxidative process is accelerated in the presence of cobalt carboxylates. The degradation of LDPE was found to increase proportionally with concentration as well as with increasing chain length of the cobalt carboxylate, and follow the order CoSt₃ > CoPal₃ > CoLau₃. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 3758–3765, 2007     

PCC载体氧化剂的制备及应用研究

制备得到各种有代表性的氯铬酸吡啶(PCC)无机载体氧化试剂,以苯甲醇选择性氧化成苯甲醛为探针反应,考察了载体、反应条件对氧化反应效率的影响,控制各载体氧化剂中PCC的负载量均为1.8 mmol/g。室温下反应,搅拌时间为30 m in,苯甲醇的氧化反应产率为:分子筛65.8%,活性炭75.4%,氧化铝94.6%,硅胶96.9%,相同条件下PCC的产率为65.8%。硅胶是制备负载PCC的优良载体,在载体氧化剂对苯甲醇的氧化反应中,一定范围内增加反应时间和载体加入量都可以提高氧化产率。     

(NH4)2S2O8氧化载金黄铁矿规律及E-pH研究

采用基于硫酸根自由基(SO₄^-·)的高级氧化技术,将(NH₄)₂S₂O₈作为氧化剂氧化预处理黄铁矿。考察了(NH₄)₂S₂O₈和FeSO₄浓度、浸出温度、浸出时间对氧化浸出黄铁矿效果的影响。结果表明,采用热活化(NH₄)₂S₂O₈产生SO₄^-·预处理黄铁矿,在(NH₄)₂S₂O₈浓度0.395 mol/L、浸出温度70℃、浸出时间8 h条件下,黄铁矿浸出率可达73.71%。通过动力学方程拟合,确定该体系浸出黄铁矿可采用收缩核动力学模型描述,浸出黄铁矿过程中反应速率的决定步骤为内扩散速率,其表观活化能为50.57 kJ/mol。通过绘...     

某铀矿搅拌浸出氧化剂替代试验研究

为解决某铀矿石酸法搅拌浸出成本居高不下的问题,探索用氯酸钠替代软锰矿作为氧化剂处理该矿石的可行性。小型、验证试验及工业应用实践表明:在适当的条件下,浸出率可达93%以上,与现有生产中以软锰矿作氧化剂的浸出率相当;此外,氯酸钠替代软锰矿并未对其他工序产生影响,且浸出成本节约了30%以上。因此,用氯酸钠作氧化剂进行常规酸法搅拌浸出处理该矿石工艺可行。     

臭氧氧化技术在有色金属湿法冶金中的应用研究进展

臭氧是一种氧化性极强、多功能化的绿色氧化剂。本文综述了臭氧氧化技术在有色金属湿法冶金领域的研究进展和应用现状,重点介绍了在贵金属、重金属、稀有金属及轻金属等有色金属湿法冶金领域的应用研究。详细探讨了臭氧的强氧化性对低品位金属矿和难冶金属矿浸出、溶液中低价态金属离子氧化沉淀、溶液净化除杂等方面的作用机理,并对目前面临的问题进行简要叙述,对其在有色金属湿法冶金领域的应用前景进行了展望。     

Radioprotective effect of radiation-induced Lactococcus lactis cell-free extract against 60Coγ injury in mice

Ionizing radiation (IR) is widely used in the diagnosis and treatment of various cancers. However, IR can cause damage to human health by producing reactive oxygen species. Lactococcus lactis is a type of microorganism that is beneficial to human health and has a strong antioxidant capacity. In this study, the protective effect of normal and IR-induced L. lactis IL1403 cell-free extracts (CFE and IR-CFE, respectively) against oxidative damage in vitro and the radioprotective effect of IR-CFE in vivo was evaluated using ⁶⁰Coγ-induced oxidative damage model in mice. Results showed that IR-CFE exhibited a stronger oxidative damage–protective effect than CFE for L. lactis IL1403 under H₂O₂ in vitro. Moreover, IR-CFE also showed strong radioprotective effect on hepatocyte cells (AML-12) under radiation condition, and the effect was better than that of CFE. Animal experiment indicated that IR-CFE could reduce the IR-induced damage to the hematopoietic system by increasing the number of white blood cells and red blood cells in peripheral blood of irradiated mice. It was also observed that IR-CFE could markedly alleviate the ⁶⁰Coγ-induced oxidative stress via increasing the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, enhancing the levels of glutathione, and decreasing the contents of malondialdehyde in serum, liver, and spleen. In addition, IR-CFE also could reduce the activities of alanine transaminase and aspartate aminotransferase in serum, thereby reducing radiation damage to the liver. These results suggested that IR-CFE could be considered as potential candidates for natural radioprotective agents. This study provides a theoretical basis for improving the application of lactic acid bacteria.     

环境友好氧化剂催化氧化合成己二酸研究进展

综述了以环境友好的氧气（或空气）和过氧化氢为氧化剂催化氧化法合成己二酸的研究进展,并介绍了目前正在开发的生物催化法合成己二酸的新工艺。     

Mixed-oxidant attack of high-temperature alloys in carbon- and oxygen-containing environments

The corrosive degradation of high-temperature alloys in environments containing more than one oxidant cannot, in general, be predicted from a knowledge of the response of the materials to the individual oxidants. In the present study, the phenomenological changes associated with the degradation of iron-nickel-chromium base alloys in carbon-oxygen environments have been investigated by examining the microstructural changes in samples exposed to such environments for extended periods of time. The results of these studies have led to the formulation of a model which proposes that the material exposed to the reaction environment experiences five stages of microstructural changes close to the surface before severe degradation sets in. The end of Stage V is the start of severe degradation, which contributes to a complete modification of the microstructure. This, in turn, leads to a rapid deterioration of the mechanical properties of the material.