湿式喷射混凝土工艺在章村矿的应用

针对湿式喷射混凝土工艺在冀中股份章村矿的应用情况,阐述了湿喷工艺的流程、技术参数以及作业人员配备情况。从湿式喷射混凝土的回弹率、粉尘浓度、混凝土强度、喷浆工效、综合成本比较等方面详细介绍了湿式喷浆工艺的经济性、先进性、优越性。     

硝酸镁法生产浓硝酸的过程控制

结合实际生产情况,介绍硝酸镁法生产浓硝酸的主要控制指标(系统负压、温度、硝酸镁浓度、物料配比等)及调节手段,从而达到优质高产低耗的目的。     

MnK/Al2O3催化苯甲醇液相氧化制苯甲醛

采用共浸渍法制备Mn1K1/Al2O3催化剂,并以分子氧为氧化剂考察了其在苯甲醇液相氧化制苯甲醛反应中的催化性能。实验结果显示,焙烧温度和负载量对催化剂性能有重要影响,773 K焙烧的10%(wt)Mn1K1/Al2O3具有最高的催化活性,373 K下反应3 h时,苯甲醇转化率为72.9%,苯甲醛选择性为99%,且该催化剂可循环使用6次以上而其催化活性无明显降低。粉末X射线衍射(XRD)、N2物理吸附、拉曼光谱、X射线吸收光谱(XAS)、程序升温还原(H2-TPR)结果表明,负载在Al2O3表面的非晶态或小晶粒α-Mn O2是催化活化分子氧发生醇氧化反应的高活性物种。     

焦炉煤气制甲醇系统补氧的技改实践

焦炉煤气制甲醇生产中空分系统液氧汽化装置存在供氧能力不足的问题。在原有液氧汽化装置基础上进行了技术改造,通过新增1台离心式液氧泵、1个水浴汽化器、1个中压液氧储罐和改造部分管路,弥补了原系统氧量不足的问题,促进了甲烷向甲醇合成有效气体成分的转化,提高了甲醇产量,创造了更好的经济效益。     

低热稳定性低阶煤在碎煤加压气化工艺中的应用

为提高低热稳定性低阶煤的碎煤加压气化效果,采用新疆、河南等地碎煤加压气化工艺,研究低阶煤热稳定性对碎煤加压气化效果的影响。结果表明:低热稳定性低阶煤的单台气化炉氧负荷仅达到设计的70%左右,比高热稳定性低阶煤低40%。煤的热稳定性越低,粗煤气中煤粉含量越高,影响煤气水分离、变换等后续工艺。最后提出可通过研究不同粒度煤的热稳定性、确定最小入炉煤粒度、测定碎煤加压气化煤粉的粒度、改进碎煤加压气化除尘系统、选择合理的气化压力、采用气化工艺组合等提高低热稳定性低阶煤碎煤加压气化效果。     

Adsorption‐concentration polarization model for ultrafiltration in mixed matrix membrane

Adsorption has been found to be significant in ultrafiltration by mixed matrix membrane. Removal of very low molecular weight solutes compared to the molecular weight cut off of the membrane is facilitated by adsorption. The modeling of the adsorption coupled with concentration polarization is presented based on the mathematical approach developed by Gekas et al. (Gekas et al. Chem Eng Sci. 1993;48:2753–2765), from the first principles. However, extensive modifications were included in theoretical development including those suggested by Ruiz‐Bevia et al. (Ruiz‐Bevia et al. Chem Eng Sci. 1997;52:2343–2352). The developed model captured the rejection dynamics with the help of retention factor. The model equations were solved under the framework of boundary layer analysis, using the integral approach. Effects of the adsorption isotherm and the different parameters affecting the system performance were also investigated. Further, experimental validation of the model results with two different mixed matrix ultrafiltration studies was also elucidated. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 60: 2354–2364, 2014     

Partial oxidation of methane in hollow‐fiber membrane reactors based on alkaline‐earth metal‐free CO2‐tolerant oxide

The U‐shaped alkaline‐earth metal‐free CO₂‐stable oxide hollow‐fiber membranes based on (Pr_0.9La_0.1)₂(Ni_0.74Cu_0.21Ga_0.05)O_4+δ (PLNCG) are prepared by a phase‐inversion spinning process and applied successfully in the partial oxidation of methane (POM) to syngas. The effects of temperature, CH₄ concentration and flow rate of the feed air on CH₄ conversion, CO selectivity, H₂/CO ratio, and oxygen permeation flux through the PLNCG hollow‐fiber membrane are investigated in detail. The oxygen permeation flux arrives at approximately 10.5 mL/min cm² and the CO selectivity is higher than 99.5% with a CH₄ conversion of 97.0% and a H₂/CO ratio of 1.8 during 140 h steady operation. The spent hollow‐fiber membrane still maintains a dense microstructure and the Ruddlesden‐Popper K₂NiF₄‐type structure, which indicates that the U‐shaped alkaline‐earth metal‐free CO₂‐tolerant PLNCG hollow‐fiber membrane reactor can be steadily operated for POM to syngas with good performance. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 60: 3587–3595, 2014     

Association Colloids Formed by Multiple Surface Active Minor Components and Their Effect on Lipid Oxidation in Bulk Oil

Association colloids formed by surface active minor components play an important role in the oxidative stability of bulk oils. To imitate the formation of nanostructures in refined oils, multiple surface active minor components including phospholipids, free fatty acids, diacylglycerols and sterols were added to stripped corn oil. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of the mixed components was determined. The impact of mixed minor components at below and above their CMC on oxidative stability of bulk oil and on antioxidant activity of α-tocopherol and Trolox was investigated. The CMC of the mixed surface active components in bulk oil was 20 µmol/kg oil in the presence of 383 ± 2 ppm of water. 1,2-Dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC) played an important role on the formation of association colloids since it was the most important component in forming the association colloids as confirmed by CMC and fluorescence probe studies. The association colloids formed by the mixed components showed prooxidative activity in bulk oil as determined by monitoring the formation of lipid hydroperoxide and hexanal. The activity of α-tocopherol or Trolox was not changed by mixed components association colloids. These results suggest that association colloids both physically and chemically impacted the oxidative stability and activity of antioxidants in bulk oil.     

Impact of Phosphoethanolamine Reverse Micelles on Lipid Oxidation in Bulk Oils

Phospholipids are important minor components in edible oil that play a role in lipid oxidation. Surface active phospholipids have an intermediate hydrophilic–lipophilic balance value, which allows them to form association colloids such as reverse micelles in bulk oil. These association colloids can influence lipid oxidation since they create lipid–water interfaces where prooxidants and antioxidants can interact with triacylglycerols. In this study, we examined the formation of reverse micelles in a stripped oil system by dioleoyl phosphoethanolamine (DOPE) and the effect of these physical structures on lipid oxidation kinetics. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of DOPE was approximately 200 µmol/kg oil at 45 °C. Oxidation kinetics studies showed that DOPE was prooxidative when it was above its CMC (400 and 1,000 µM), reducing the lag phase from 14 days (control) to 8 days. The addition of combinations of DOPE and dioleoyl phosphocholine (DOPC) resulted in formation of mixed micelles with a CMC of 80 µmol/kg oil at 45 °C. These mixed micelles were also prooxidative when concentrations (100 and 500 µM) were above the CMC, decreasing the lag phase from 14 to 8 days. These findings provide a better understanding of the role of phospholipids in lipid oxidation of edible oil and could contribute to better antioxidant solutions.     

Sewage sludge digestion at increased micropollutant content

Research was conducted, which aim was to evaluate quantitative and qualitative PCB changes in sewage sludge during mesophilic digestion, and the influence of those compound concentration above acceptable level (1.9 mg kg⁻¹ of sludge dry matter), also nickel and cadmium ions, on mesophilic digestion process. Before and after the digestion, concentration of seven PCB congeners, Ni and Cd in particular chemical fractions of the sludge was analyzed.