Association Colloids Formed by Multiple Surface Active Minor Components and Their Effect on Lipid Oxidation in Bulk Oil

Association colloids formed by surface active minor components play an important role in the oxidative stability of bulk oils. To imitate the formation of nanostructures in refined oils, multiple surface active minor components including phospholipids, free fatty acids, diacylglycerols and sterols were added to stripped corn oil. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of the mixed components was determined. The impact of mixed minor components at below and above their CMC on oxidative stability of bulk oil and on antioxidant activity of α-tocopherol and Trolox was investigated. The CMC of the mixed surface active components in bulk oil was 20 µmol/kg oil in the presence of 383 ± 2 ppm of water. 1,2-Dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC) played an important role on the formation of association colloids since it was the most important component in forming the association colloids as confirmed by CMC and fluorescence probe studies. The association colloids formed by the mixed components showed prooxidative activity in bulk oil as determined by monitoring the formation of lipid hydroperoxide and hexanal. The activity of α-tocopherol or Trolox was not changed by mixed components association colloids. These results suggest that association colloids both physically and chemically impacted the oxidative stability and activity of antioxidants in bulk oil.     

Impact of Phosphoethanolamine Reverse Micelles on Lipid Oxidation in Bulk Oils

Phospholipids are important minor components in edible oil that play a role in lipid oxidation. Surface active phospholipids have an intermediate hydrophilic–lipophilic balance value, which allows them to form association colloids such as reverse micelles in bulk oil. These association colloids can influence lipid oxidation since they create lipid–water interfaces where prooxidants and antioxidants can interact with triacylglycerols. In this study, we examined the formation of reverse micelles in a stripped oil system by dioleoyl phosphoethanolamine (DOPE) and the effect of these physical structures on lipid oxidation kinetics. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of DOPE was approximately 200 µmol/kg oil at 45 °C. Oxidation kinetics studies showed that DOPE was prooxidative when it was above its CMC (400 and 1,000 µM), reducing the lag phase from 14 days (control) to 8 days. The addition of combinations of DOPE and dioleoyl phosphocholine (DOPC) resulted in formation of mixed micelles with a CMC of 80 µmol/kg oil at 45 °C. These mixed micelles were also prooxidative when concentrations (100 and 500 µM) were above the CMC, decreasing the lag phase from 14 to 8 days. These findings provide a better understanding of the role of phospholipids in lipid oxidation of edible oil and could contribute to better antioxidant solutions.     

Sewage sludge digestion at increased micropollutant content

Research was conducted, which aim was to evaluate quantitative and qualitative PCB changes in sewage sludge during mesophilic digestion, and the influence of those compound concentration above acceptable level (1.9 mg kg⁻¹ of sludge dry matter), also nickel and cadmium ions, on mesophilic digestion process. Before and after the digestion, concentration of seven PCB congeners, Ni and Cd in particular chemical fractions of the sludge was analyzed.     

新型防老剂RT-1对天然橡胶性能的影响

研究新型防老剂RT-1对天然橡胶(NR)性能的影响。结果表明:加入防老剂RT-1,NR胶料的ML增大,MH减小,t90和ts1延长,老化后NR硫化胶的拉伸性能较好,热氧化活化能增大;防老剂RT-1对NR硫化胶热氧老化的防护效果优于防老剂BHT和4010NA。     

可聚合甲基丙烯酰氧丙基磷酸酯的合成

以三氯氧磷、三乙胺、丙烯酸羟丙酯(HPA)等为原料,通过多步法合成了一种磷酸酯反应型乳化剂。实验对原料配比、反应时间、反应温度等进行讨论,得到最佳工艺条件,并用红外光谱对产品进行结构表征。结果表明,合成甲基丙烯酰氧丙基磷酸酯中间体,选择n(三氯氧磷)∶n(三乙胺)∶n(HPA)=1.1∶1.3∶1,反应时间为1.5h,反应温度为25℃,第二步水解反应温度0~15℃,水解物料比为n(中间体产物)∶n(三乙胺)∶n(水)=1∶1.4∶1.2时,最终产物收率最高,可达98.80%。     

超声波对表面活性剂溶液的作用试验

通过试验研究了超声波对脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠(AES)和聚山梨酯-80(Tween-80)溶液表面张力系数的影响,测量了AES溶液化学需氧量的变化。得到:掺入AES和Tween-80表面活性剂后,水的表面张力系数显著降低了,表面活性剂的浓度越大,其表面张力越小。表面活性剂溶液经超声波处理后:表面张力系数有一定的上升,超声波功率越大、作用时间越长,表面张力系数上升越大;随着超声波作用时间的增加,AES溶液的化学需氧量越来越小,但随作用时间的增加,下降的趋势变慢。     

污泥浓度对MBR净化效果影响试验研究

在不排泥条件下,膜生物反应器(MBR)内的污泥浓度MLSS和MLVSS都随时间不断累积,而反映污泥活性的MLVSS/MLSS则不断减少。研究中发现,MLSS对MBR运行效果影响显著:TN的去除率随污泥浓度增加而增加,而COD的去除率随MLSS的增加先降后升,TP的去除率则先升后降,且二者均在污泥浓度6500 mg/L时达到极值,NH3-N的去除效果则随着污泥负荷的增加呈降低趋势。     

检测水中耗氧量影响因素的探讨

文章从加热时间、加热温度、滴定温度、K值等方面,利用正交试验和验证实验来探讨水中耗氧量检测时各因素的主次关系,从而优化实验条件,提高检测结果的准确度。实验表明:加热时间对耗氧量的影响因素最大,第二为加热温度,第三为K值,影响最低的为滴定温度。水中耗氧量检测时,加热温度应95℃,加热时间为32 min,k值控制在0.96~1.04。     

高锰酸钾强化絮凝处理线路板废水的研究

印制线路板行业废水处理技术对保护生态环境至关重要,文章采用了高锰酸钾(KMnO4)对深圳市某线路板厂综合废水进行处理,讨论了溶液初始pH、不同混凝剂、高锰酸钾的投加量等因素对废水中金属铜离子(Cu2+)和化学需氧量(COD)去除效果的影响。实验结果表明:当废水初始pH为9.0,聚合氯化铝(PAC)投加量为50 mg/L,高锰酸钾投加量为64 mg/L时,Cu2+和COD去除率分别达到98.36%和43.46%,实现出水达标排放。     

CPP裂解气脱氧净化工业实验

50万t/a催化热裂解(CPP)制乙烯装置产生的裂解气中氧气含量较大,其会形成氧自由基并会引起重二烯烃的聚合反应而堵塞设备,同时裂解气中的氧气含量较高会影响聚合级乙烯和丙烯的产品质量。另外,氧加氢后生成水,水对后续的深冷工序有很大影响。某公司提供的脱氧脱氮催化剂,实际运行中结焦严重,再生频繁,最终被切除。后对裂解气除杂工艺进行更换,并与大连凯特利催化工程技术有限公司开展脱氧催化剂实验研究。目前氧含量由5×10-6降至1×10-6以下,达到预想除氧效果,具备实际工业应用条件。