臭氧联合高级氧化方法处理有机废水的技术进展

臭氧因其强氧化能力而在废水处理中得到广泛的应用,但单独采用臭氧氧化技术处理废水存在处理费用高、利用率低和矿化程度低等问题。高级氧化方法与臭氧联用,可大大促进臭氧分解,提高有机物的去除率。因此臭氧与紫外线、过氧化氢、超声波、及催化剂等多种高级氧化方法用于有机废水处理已经成为目前研究的热点,并取得了显著的进步。     

化合物的环境影响评价

对化合物的环境影响进行了分类,并研究了9类环境影响类别：温室效应,臭氧层损害、光氧化生成、酸雨、富营养化、生态毒性、人体毒性等,并给出了影响潜值的计算方法;在此基础上建立了1037种常见化合物的环境数据库,利用规格化公式和总环境影响公式,可用来评价化合物的综合环境影响。这种评价化合物环境影响的方法简单全面,有较高的应用价值。     

Regressor selection for ozone prediction

Being able to predict high concentrations of tropospheric ozone is important because of its negative impact on human health. In this paper eight regressor-selection methods are utilised in a case study for ozone prediction in the city of Nova Gorica, Slovenia. The comparison of the selected methods proved to be useful for building models that successfully predict the ozone concentrations for the treated case. Different regressors are selected for different models, with different methods based on the validation procedure’s cost functions. Namely, for the model to predict the maximum daily ozone concentration, ten regressors are selected; for the average concentration of ozone between 8.00 and 20.00 h, fifteen regressors are selected; and for the average daily concentration, ten regressors are selected. The result of the study is a regressor selection that is specific for a particular geographical location. Moreover, the study reveals that regressor selection, as well as the obtained models, differ depending on the kind of averaging interval of the ozone concentration.     

The chemistry of stratospheric ozone: its response to natural and anthropogenic influences

The current rapid changes in the composition of the atmosphere reflect both the metabolism of the biosphere and the broad range of influencing human activities. However, the only known sources of CFCs are industrial. In predicting future changes in ozone depletion and global warming it is necessary to understand the role of the biosphere in regulating emissions as well as future industrial emissions. This paper discusses theoretical predictions and trends in global ozone concentrations from 1969–1986. Antarctic and Arctic ozone trends and the global implications of the Antarctic ozone hole are described in detail. It is concluded that even if the control measures of the Montreal Protocol are implemented by all nations, the atmospheric abundance of chlorine will at least double during the next few decades. Future global ozone depletion could be larger than originally predicted because the PSC-induced chemical reactions that cause ozone depletion were not included in the stratospheric ozone assessment models on which the Montreal Protocol was based. To return the Antarctic ozone layer to its natural state will require very strong measures, including a complere phase out of all fully halogenated CFCs, halons, carbon tetrachloride and methyl chloroform, as well as careful use of HCFC substitutes.     

硝酸铁分光光度法测定硫氰酸盐的氧化剂干扰去除实验研究

在黄金工业废水处理过程中间水样的硫氰酸盐监测中,常常发现过氧化氢、臭氧等氧化性物质的存在会使测定结果的准确度低。该文分别进行了硝酸铁分光光度法测定硫氰酸盐中过氧化氢和臭氧干扰去除的实验研究,确定了氧化性物质干扰的去除方法;经加入标准物质验证实验,充分说明了该方法测定结果的准确度。该方法可广泛应用于含有氧化剂的黄金工业废水中硫氰酸盐的测定。     

浅谈臭氧-生物活性炭微污染水处理技术

通过介绍微污染水处理的常规方法和具体应用,结合大同煤矿集团公司目前实际情况,详细阐述了臭氧-生物活性炭联用的微污染水处理技术。     

一种新型DBD高浓度臭氧电源的研制

介绍了一种新型的用陶瓷板作为介质阻挡强电离放电装置的IGBT逆变电源。分析了陶瓷板放电的特点。依据陶瓷板介质阻挡放电的特点,成功研制了22kHz大功率高压逆变电源装置,试验证明：它可使产生的臭氧体积质量由20g／m^3提高到200g／m^3,而且减小了强电离放电产生高浓度臭氧装置的体积,实验证明该电源的结构简单、稳定性好。给出了相应的设计电路和波形。     

台湾中部都会区空气质量劣化与天气型态相关性分析

针对台湾中部都会区4县市环境负荷日益严重、导致空气质量日益变化、污染源特性依县市而异,例如:露天燃烧、河川裸露地的扬尘、污染源排放量掌握的不确定性、污染物传输及污染来源的成因未明确等问题,为了研究各地污染特性、地形、气象等因素对空气质量影响,针对台湾中部地区污染源、地形与天气类型进行模式模拟。研究采用逆轨迹模式(back trajectory models),模拟中部地区局部环流及地形效应影响。结果显示:其中臭氧污染的逆轨迹型态与不同时间环境气流有关,而悬浮微粒PM10污染的逆轨迹形态受到当地地形与风速影响,同时伴有境外地区移入污染源的影响。台湾地区春季时,锋前暖区及锋面过境时,因风速小对空气品质造成不良影响。夏季与秋初时期空气质量好,只有遭遇台风影响时各地的空气质量会因位置不同而有差异,其中臭氧浓度于此时变化较大。台风外围环流的影响程度则视太平洋副热带高压的强度及其高压脊所在位置而定。秋末与冬季时期,台湾地区主要受锋面及东北季风影响,中南部地区因位于中央山脉的背风面,风速微弱且日照较强,清晨近地面即易形成逆温层,不利于污染物扩散,空气质量较差。在高压出海及高压回流的天气型态下,因中央山脉的阻挡,西部地区的污染物浓度非常容易累积,尤其是中部及云嘉地区易有污染物浓度高值出现。     

集成电路组装后的清洗与免清洗技术

从超声波清洗用清洗溶剂,特别是替代消耗臭氧层物质的氯化氟代碳（CFC）清洗溶剂等方面介绍了集成电路的清洗技术;还介绍了集成电路的免清洗工艺技术, 使用免清洗工艺技术对各道关键工序的控制及采用免清洗技术的主要优势。     

一套测量对流层臭氧的差分吸收激光雷达系统

差分吸收激光雷达是探测对流层臭氧分布的一种先进工具。研制了一套车载差分激光雷达系统,系统基于NdYAG四倍频激光和拉曼频移技术产生紫外差分光源,并采用卡塞格林(Cassegrain)型望远镜,利用光栅光谱仪分离四波长的回波信号,使用光子计数和模拟采集相融合的方式采集数据。讨论分析了系统的测量精度并与臭氧探空仪进行了对比验证实验。实验结果表明,两台仪器测量的对流层臭氧具有很好的一致性,证实了车载差分吸收激光雷达系统及臭氧浓度分析软件的可靠性。