A preliminary study of a diagonal channel-routing model

The layout of two-terminal nets in a VLSI channel is realized in a new diagonal channel-routing model (DCRM), where the tracks are segments respectively displayed at +45 ° and –45 ° on the two layers of the channel. A new definition of channel density is introduced, and a lower bound to the channel width is derived by the application of an algorithm, whose complexity is evaluated as a function of the channel density, and other parameters of the problem.A simple linear-time algorithm is proposed, which produces an optimal layout (i.e., it requires a channel of minimum width) if the length of the longest net equals the lower bound for the channel width. In any case, the number of vias is at most one for each net. Some particular solutions are proposed for problems with long nets.Specific problems are much easier in DCRM than in the classical Manhattan model. For example, any shift-by-i can be realized in DCRM in a channel of widthi.This work has been supported by Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche of Italy under a research grant.     

基于HCPN的发电企业项目管理工作流建模

如何对工程项目的成本、进度、质量情况进行控制和跟踪是发电企业的重要问题,应用工作流可通过对业务流程的整合及资源的合理分配解决这一问题。本文基于分层着色Petri网(HCPN),将工作流过程模型的逻辑结构和语义与HCPN中的网结构进行映射,进而利用CPN-TOOLS定义基于HCPN的项目管理工作流过程模型,并利用化简原则对工作流模型进行畅通性验证。     

Processing of yttria partially stabilized zirconia thermal barrier coatings implementing a high-power laser diode

Several studies have been undertaken recently to adapt yttria partially stabilized zirconia (YPSZ) thermal barrier coating (TBC) characteristics during their manufacturing process. Thermal spraying implementing laser irradiation appears to be a possibility for modifying the coating morphology. This study aims to present the results of in situ (i.e., simultaneous treatment) and a posteriori (i.e., post-treatment) laser treatments implementing a high-power laser diode. In both cases, the coatings underwent atmospheric plasma spraying (APS). Laser irradiation was achieved using a 3 kW, average-power laser diode exhibiting an 848 nm wavelength. Experiments were performed to reach two goals. First, laser post-treatments aimed at building a map of the laser-processing parameter effects on the coating microstructure to estimate the laser-processing parameters, which seem to be suited to the change into in situ coating remelting. Second, in situ coating remelting aimed at quantifying the involved phenomena. In that case, the coating was treated layer by layer as it was manufactured. The input energy effect was studied by varying the scanning velocity (i.e., between 35 and 60 m/min), and consequently the irradiation time (i.e., between 1.8 and 3.1 ms, respectively). Experiments showed that coating thermal conductivity was lowered by more than 20% and that coating resistance to isothermal shocks was increased very significantly.     

残留CO2对石灰在转炉初渣中溶解的影响

 在转炉炼钢过程中,石灰快速溶解对转炉高效脱磷具有十分重要的意义,石灰溶解过程中熔渣/石灰界面处形成的2CaO·SiO₂产物层被认为是阻碍石灰溶解的关键因素。制备了具有两种不同CO₂含量的部分煅烧石灰石,采用浸泡法研究了部分煅烧石灰石在转炉初渣中的溶解行为,并与纯石灰、石灰石的溶解行为进行比较。结果表明,石灰石溶解时在液态熔渣中CaO的传质系数为石灰的2.1倍,残留CO₂质量分数为10%的部分煅烧石灰石的传质系数高达石灰石的6.7倍。在CO₂质量分数为0～43.5%时,石灰的溶解速率先增大后减小。石灰溶解过程中形成的2CaO·SiO₂层严重阻碍了FeO_x的扩散,从而减缓了石灰的溶解。与石灰不同,石灰石分解产生的CO₂能够破坏2CaO·SiO₂层并破坏自身结构,有利于熔渣的渗透,这也适用于残留CO₂的部分煅烧石灰石。制备纯石灰的过程中为了确保石灰芯部完全煅烧,因此极易导致石灰外表面发生过烧,而制备部分煅烧石灰石能在一定程度上解决表面过烧的问题。此外,与石灰石相比,部分煅烧石灰石由于表面是石灰外壳,溶解初期其表面附近的炉渣温降相对更低,能够避免溶解初期出现停滞阶段。在转炉富余热量有限的情况下,部分煅烧石灰石的石灰替换比高于石灰石,这取决于部分煅烧石灰石中的CO₂残留量。     

基于Petri网的OLED生产线建模与仿真

介绍了OLED(Organic Light Emitting Diodes)的制造过程及制造系统的PN模型。讨论了Petri网的分析技术。针对OLED制造生产线的复杂性,描述了具体的加工过程。采用结构化方法,综合应用自上而下与自下而上相结合的方法,建立了基于赋时变迁Petri网的OLED制造生产线模型,反映了整个生产线的加工动态特性。利用仿真工具Hpsim,对模型进行了仿真分析,并对其结果进行了定性分析,同时验证了模型的合理性和有效性。     

FMS实时控制系统动态建模方法(一)

在建立FMS物理对象的功能模型，状态转移图（STD），面向对象的Petri网（OPN）模型的基础上，本文将着色Petri网与面向对象技术相结合，提出了一种实时控制系统的建模方法－面向对象的着色Petri网（OCPN）建模方法，此建模方法在无锡职业学院的FMS的实时控制系统中得到验证。     

不同品种磷肥在土壤中的退化研究

对钙镁磷肥（FMP）、过磷酸钙（SSP）和部分酸化磷肥（PAPR）在河南郑州西岗沙土和河南西华县潮土中的退化情况进行了研究。     

Preparation of glycol derivatives of partially hydrogenated soybean oil fatty acids and their potential as lubricants

Glycol diesters and mixtures of mono- and diesters have been prepared from methyl esters of partially hydrogenated soybean oil fatty acids and diethylene, dipropylene, neopentyl and triethylene glycols. The catalyst used in these reactions was a mixture of calcium acetate/barium acetate (3∶1, w/w). The reactions were carried out under nitrogen with 0.5% catalyst at temperatures in the range of 190–275°C. Borated esters of mixed mono- and diesters were prepared with 0.33 equivalent of boric acid per 1.0 equivalent hydroxyl group on the ester. Refractive indices, viscosities, and flash and fire points were determined for diesters, mixed mono- and diesters, and mixed diesters and borated esters. The viscosities, flash points and fire points indicate that these esters can be used as a component of lubricating oils. Wear-prevention characteristics of mixed diesters and borated esters indicated that they can be used as antifriction additives in lubricating oils. Lecture presented at the joint meeting of the International Society for Fat Research and the American Oil Chemists' Society in Toronto, May 10, 1992.     

随机非线性和部分转移概率未知时马尔科夫系统的H1控制

研究上述系统时: 1) 利用了非线性的概率分布信息; 2) 利用了转移概率中已知部分和未知部分的关系. 利用李雅普诺夫泛函方法和线性矩阵不等式方法, 本文得到了使得系统随机稳定的充分条件并得到了相应的反馈控制增益. 文中最后给出的例子表明了所建立模型和分析方法的有效性.     

时间Petri网与CAGA算法相结合的并行测试研究

在并行测试的研究中对于任务的测试次序一直是个研究重点及难题。用时间Petri网建立关于并行测试系统的模型,并首次用元胞遗传算法(CAGA)对模型中的变迁序列进行搜索,快速得到最好的测试序列。通过仿真结果表明,该算法展示了很好的收敛效果,并且与已有的研究成果相比更具优势。