Impedance match for Stirling type cryocoolers

Impedance match in Stirling type cryocoolers is important for the compressor efficiency and available acoustic power. This paper generalizes the basic principles concerning the efficiency and acoustic power output of the linear compressor. Starting from basic governing equations and mainly from the viewpoint of energy balance, the physical mechanisms behind the principles are clearly shown. Specially, this paper focuses on the impedance match for an existing compressor, where the current limit and displacement limit should also be taken into consideration when selecting a suitable impedance. Some case studies based on a commercial compressor are also provided for a deep understanding.     

Molecular characterisation and comparison of Lactococcal phages of Pakistan and Germany

Bacteriophages of Lactococcus lactis ssp. diacetylactis isolated in Pakistan and Germany were compared in respect of protein profile and restriction analysis. SDS‐PAGE profile analysis shows similarities amongst the local isolates that have different protein profile when compared with phages from other regions. No marked difference was observed in their DNA homology. The data suggested that the bacteriophages isolated from Pakistan are different from the bacteriophages that have already been characterised from the other parts of the world.     

The effects of pause software on the temporal characteristics of computer use

The study investigated the natural work–pause pattern of computer users and the possible effects of imposing pause regimes on this pattern. Hereto, the precise timing of computer events was recorded across a large number of days. It was found that the distribution of the pause durations was extremely skewed and that pauses with twice the duration are twice less likely to occur. The effects of imposing pause regimes were studied by performing a simulation of commercially available pause software. It was found that depending on the duration of the introduced pause, the software added 25–57% of the pauses taken naturally. Analysis of the timing of the introduced pauses revealed that a large number of spontaneous pauses were taken close to the inserted pause. Considering the disappointing results of studies investigating the effects of introducing (active) pauses during computer work, this study has cast doubt on the usefulness of introducing short duration pauses.     

新型镶嵌式催化剂挤条成型装置的研制

介绍一种新型镶嵌式组合结构催化剂挤条成型装置。新型镶嵌式催化剂挤条成型装置的模架为不锈钢材料,镶嵌模块采用工程塑料,模块更换方便,催化剂挤出顺畅,能满足石化行业催化剂挤条生产中耐温、耐压、耐腐蚀以及规模化生产的要求。与不锈钢整体结构挤条模板相比,新型镶嵌式催化剂成型装置不仅成本降低较大,而且制作周期缩短。     

新型电励磁磁通切换电机励磁绕组结构分析

励磁绕组连接方式对电励磁磁通切换电机电磁特性影响很大。对所提出的2种新型电励磁磁通切换电机,分析了其工作模式和“磁通切换原理”,利用有限元分析方法比较了2种电机的电磁特性：定子磁链、反电势、气隙磁密、定位力矩、电磁转矩、转矩密度。重点比较了励磁绕组连接方式对电机漏磁和功率密度的影响。结果表明,电励磁磁通切换电机具有较高正弦度的双极性磁链和全周期工作模式,适合运行在无刷交流场合。拓扑2具有更小的漏磁和更高的励磁电流利用率,其转矩密度为拓扑1的2倍。分析结果为所提出电励磁磁通切换电机在航空起动／发电机系统、风力发电系统等领域的应用提供了理论背景。     

基于RUP“4+1”视图建模及设计模式的整定计算软件设计

针对现有整定计算软件系统设计和开发时的缺点和不足,提出采用Rational统一过程（RUP）“4+1”视图法对系统进行宏观描述及建模。从系统需求及功能分析出发,通过4种视图实现了对整定计算软件从逻辑功能分析到物理部署的全面规划,并运用设计模式实现了逻辑视图中的设备图元建模、整定计算原则、网络拓扑分析和数据库访问等功能模块,提高了系统的逻辑复用性、扩展性和可维护性。     

基于改进SIFT特征提取的自主移动机器人环境识别方法研究

为了提高机器人在环境识别中的实时性和准确性,在分析了SIFT描述算子性能及原理的基础上,对SIFT算法在计算描述算子阶段提出自适应修改步长的改进,以及在原先的匹配方法的基础上又加入二次反向匹配,既在一定程度上提高了实时性又对关键点的消除错配起到较好的效果。仿真结果也证明了其有效性。     

基于几何特征的飞机部位识别跟踪算法

针对复杂天气情况下形状可辨的飞机,提出了一种对飞机部位的识别跟踪算法。该算法利用飞机的几何特征,通过数学形态学的原理,在存有噪声干扰的运动图像中简单快速有效地识别出所需目标的重要部位,自动获取其跟踪模板,通过相关匹配技术实现对飞机重要部位的稳定跟踪。给出了应用该算法的具体步骤,并通过实验证明了该算法的有效性。     

Spacer defined FinFET: Active area patterning of sub-20 nm fins with high density

We present a method to obtain Si-fins with a critical dimension (CD) below 20 nm, separated by a minimum distance of 25 nm and connected by a common source/drain (S/D) pad. The method comprises of recursive spacer defined patterning to quadruple the line density of a 350 nm pitch resist pattern defined by 193 nm lithography. Spacer defined patterning is combined with resist based patterning to simultaneously define fins and S/D pads in a Silicon on Insulator (SOI) film. CD and Line Width Roughness (LWR) analysis was done on top down SEM images taken in a center die and in an edge die of a 200 mm wafer. The average CD is 17 nm in the center of the wafer and 18 nm at the edge. The LWR is 3 nm for both center and edge. Additional process steps to remove etch damage and round the top corner of the fin (i.e. oxidation followed by H₂ anneal) further reduce the CD to 13 nm.     

负压差对固体进料系统压力分布和气固两相流动规律的影响

A series of experiments on a solid feed system was performed to investigate the effects of negative pressure gradient on the gas-solid flow pattern and hydrodynamic characteristics. Based on the non-fluidized gas-solid two phase flow and particulate mechanics in the standpipe, a method for predicting the pressure of the air passing through the recycle chamber and the pressure drop through the loop seal slit in these systems is also presented. The predicted pressure profile along the negative pressure gradient from the proposed model exhibits a good agreement with the experimental data. The experimental data show that the gas flow in the standpipe is always upward in the negative pressure gradients, while the direction of gas cannot be changed by the drag force. The solid flow rate, the materiel bed height in the recycle chamber (Hf), the pressure drop across the slit (△Pg） decrease with an increasing negative pressure gradient. At a given negative pressure gradient, the superficial gas velocity through the recycle chamber of the loop seal does not affect the pressure drop in standpipe. It increases with an increasing negative pressure gradient.