Controlled coagulation of emulsion polymers

Coagulation of latex particles is most often carried out in the diffusion limited aggregation (DLA) regime where the time for coagulation to take place is on the millisecond timescale. This process produces aggregates of low density, irregular shape, and a broad particle size distributions. When the coagulation is carried out in the reaction limited aggregation (RLA) regime, a coagulation time of about 1–120 sec, the system can be controlled by mixing to yield dense, spheroidal aggregates with a very narrow particle size distribution. The important variables in the RLA process for butyl acrylate/methyl methacrylate (BA/MMA) latexes were found to be mixing intensity, latex copolymer composition, and coagulation temperature. Dried aggregates formed in the RLA process were found to have excellent powder flow properties and low dustiness.     

Electrochemical ferrate generation for waste water treatment using cast irons with high silicon contents

This paper deals with the electrochemical preparation of ferrate in 15 M NaOH media, with a view to treatment of waste waters. Grey cast irons with high silicon contents were shown to allow current yields in the range 20–40% depending on the applied current density, up to 34 mA cm^–2. Ferrate solutions with contents up to 0.08 M could be produced in a divided cell of simple design, and provided with flat or packed-bed electrodes. Deactivation of the anode surface was shown to be of moderate significance for hour-long runs. The ferrate produced was tested for treatment of industrial liquid wastes: coagulation efficiency of the suspended matter was comparable with that of an electrocoagulation process with sacrificial Al anodes. The potential of waste water treatment by addition of ferrate is discussed.     

改性沥青用丁苯胶乳粉末化制备及应用

以丁二烯和苯乙烯为原料，采用高低温复合工艺制备了高固含量(60%)丁苯橡胶乳液，后经凝聚法制备出粒径分布均匀(＜1mm)的粉末丁苯橡胶(PSBR)，探讨了凝聚原理，并优化了粉末丁苯橡胶的制备工艺。通过偏光显微镜研究了粉末丁苯橡胶形成阶段的形貌变化。结果表明，凝聚阶段的絮凝剂、凝聚剂和隔离剂对PSBR形貌影响最大。复配隔离剂(硬脂酸钠、油酸钠和硅油)的隔离效果最好，使用氯化钠为絮凝剂〔添加量为1.3%（以胶乳质量为基准，下同）〕，硫酸镁为凝聚剂（添加量为2.5%）时，丁苯胶乳成粉效果最佳，呈均匀粒径的粉末状橡胶。使用PSBR改性70#基质沥青，PSBR添加量为1.0%（以沥青的质量为基准，下同）时，改性沥青的软化点由70#基质沥青的47.6℃提高到51.8℃，5℃延度提高到100cm以上，优于目前丁苯橡胶(SBR)胶粉改性沥青。     

逆凝聚包覆法制备硫黄调节型粉末氯丁橡胶 Ⅰ.粒径分布

采用逆凝聚包覆法制备硫黄调节型粉末氯丁橡胶(PCR)并考察加料方式、搅拌转速和胶乳加人流速对产物粒径分布的影响。建立氯丁胶乳的逆凝聚粉末化模型并采用均匀试验设计的方法对该模型进行了验证。验证结果表明，该模型可以有效地模拟PCR的逆凝聚包覆氯丁胶乳的粉末化过程。PCR产物中粒径1～3mm的中等粒子的质量分数仅与搅拌转速有关，表明湍流爆裂是产生中等粒子的主要原因，而带状拉伸则是产生较粗颗粒和细小粒子的主要原因。扫描电子显微镜观察发现，采用逆凝聚包覆法制备的PCR粒子为单颗连续粒子，即产物粒子由单颗胶乳液滴凝聚而成。     

高浊度微污染黄河水的处理工艺

在混凝处理中采用5%的清水回流与PAC+HPAM联合投加相结合的方法,形成高浊度微污染黄河水的处理工艺。应用该技术对高浊度水进行生产性试验,除浊效果与传统工艺相比约提高40%～50%,对有机物和NH3-N的去除率也有所提高,同时可使出水的致突变活性呈阴性。     

粉尘含碳球团还原方式及气氛对其还原挥发性能的影响

在1150℃和1250℃、0．1L／min和10L／min的气量下，对通人含不同CO2量的氮气影响粉尘含碳球团还原速度的实验研究表明：以滚动方式所造球团中，氧化物的还原完全以间接还原的方式进行，气氛中非还原气体流速（或流量）的增加对粉尘含碳球团氧化铁还原速度有显著的降低作用，但还原温度提高则对气量增加造成的氧化铁还原速度降低有显著的抵消作用．气氛对球团中锌的挥发速度影响很小，对铅的挥发速度几乎不产生影响．     

反渗透前处理调整和运行工况优化研究

以某热电厂反渗透(RO)系统以及反渗透系统在使用过程中出现的问题为例,重点介绍了反渗透膜投运后发生的污堵问题,并根据现场实际情况提出了解决方案。通过小型试验,对预处理系统的加药量和反渗透系统的运行方式和运行参数进行了调整,保证了系统安全稳定和经济运行。     

混凝法处理胜利油田聚合物驱采出水效果研究

采用化学混凝法处理胜利油田聚合物驱采出水,并在比较不同单一混凝剂的除油、除浊效果基础上,进行了混凝剂的优化复配。结果表明:传统铝盐和传统铁盐混凝剂的除油、除浊效果明显优于无机高分子混凝剂和有机高分子絮凝剂。氯化铁和氯化铝按投加量质量比为1:3比例复配时,不但能提高絮体的沉降速度,减少污泥量,而且能达到较高的除油、除浊效果。复配铁铝混凝剂与阴离子聚丙烯酰胺(APAM)三元复配时,除油、除浊效果主要决定于无机复配铁铝混凝剂的投加量;投加0.5mg/L的APAM便能使絮体进一步发生桥联作用,提高沉降性和减少污泥体积。     

Effect of coagulation temperature on structures and properties of poly(<Emphasis Type="Italic">p</Emphasis>-phenylene benzobisoxazole) (DHPBO) fibers during dry-jet wet-spinning process

The effect of coagulation temperature on the morphology, microstructures and mechanical properties of dihydroxy poly(p-phenylene benzobisoxazole) (DHPBO) fibers was investigated during dry-jet wet-spinning process, in which the coagulation bath concentration and drawn ratio were kept as 10 wt% of PPA in water and 1.7, respectively. The structures and mechanical properties of the as-spun DHPBO fibers were characterized by FTIR, XRD, SEM, and single fiber tensile testing. The results indicated that in PPA/H₂O coagulation system, when the coagulation temperature was 25°C, highly crystallized DHPBO as-spun fibers possessing fine crystallites, circular and smooth morphology, and excellent mechanical properties could be achieved. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 50673017), Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project (Grant No. B603) and the Program of Introducing Taleuts of Discipline to University of People’s Republic of China (“111” Program) (Grant No. 111-2-04)     

MBS树脂合成技术的中试研究(Ⅲ)MBS胶乳的凝聚

阐述了聚合物乳液的凝聚机理和MBS接枝胶乳的凝聚工艺,在MBS胶乳凝聚小试研究和MBS接枝胶乳中试研究的基础上进行了MBS接枝胶乳凝聚的中试研究,着重研究了凝聚剂种类、用量和加料方式以及凝聚温度、水胶比等对MBS粉料堆密度和粒度分布的影响,确定了MBS胶乳的凝聚工艺,为5 000 t/a MBS树脂生产装置提供了设计依据.