炭黑废水的处理现状与发展

主要阐述了炭黑废水的产生,危害和几种处理方法以及炭黑处理新的发展趋势。回收的炭黑可以变废为宝,重新被利用。     

基于低价经济料的球团矿生产实践

对球团矿生产提高经济料比例进行了试验研究及生产实践.结果表明,基于高比例低价经济料的基础上,通过提高焙烧温度,适当延长焙烧时间,成品球团矿抗压强度可控制在2 500 N/球左右.并根据试验结果得出一种适宜的配加低价经济料生产球团矿用料结构：智利精粉20％,MBR（赤铁矿）10％,低价经济料70％左右.按此结构进行生产,球团矿生产成本降低124.4元/t,降成本效果显著.     

Delayed release matrix pellet preparation containing an alkalizing pore-former agent

The aim of this study was to develop a delayed-release matrix pellet containing atenolol as active pharmaceutical ingredient. The matrix additionally contained trisodium phosphate dodecahydrate as alkalizing pore-former agent to enhance the dissolution of the atenolol at pH 6.8. The delayed release was ensured by coating with a gastro-resistant polymer. For this purpose, an acryl EZE MP aqueous dispersion was used, which is suggested in the literature for pellet coating. Before this functional film coating, a protective polymer layer was developed, to prevent direct contact between the alkalizing layer and the acryl EZE. The results of in vitro dissolution tests demonstrated that the double-coated pellet preparation is a delayed-release solid dosage form.     

间位芳纶溶解及凝固性能研究

以二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc)、二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、二甲基亚砜(DMSO)、1-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮(NMP)为溶剂,分别加入LiCl和CaCl_2制备溶解体系,研究了间位芳纶在这几种溶解体系中的溶解性能。再以H_2O-DMAc、H_2O-DMF、H_2O-DMSO、H_2O-NMP为凝固浴,研究了溶剂种类、芳纶溶液质量分数、离子浓度等对间位芳纶溶液的凝固性能的影响。结果显示:Li Cl-DMAc溶解体系具有更强的溶解性能;凝固值随凝固浴中凝固剂H_2O的含量的增加不断减小,而临界浓度几乎没有变化;随着凝固浴温度的增加,凝固值增大,临界浓度减小;凝固值随凝固浴中离子浓度的升高而增大,但临界质量分数则不断降低。另外,间位芳纶溶液的扩散系数随着凝固浴中H_2O的含量的减少不断减小,随着芳纶浓度的增加不断减小。     

Mathematical simulation of wet spinning coagulation process: Dynamic modeling and numerical results

A dynamic model of polymer wet spinning coagulation process is proposed in this article. The model is based on the double diffusion phenomenon, phase separation process, continuity balance, and momentum balance of the entire coagulation process. The uniqueness of the model lies in its dynamic feature. The model can simulate the system's dynamic response to variations in system inputs/parameters. Steady‐state system solutions can also be produced as the long‐time solutions of the dynamic model; a settling time can be observed at the same time. This paper employs a computationally efficient method of lines numerical algorithm for solving the dynamic model. A simulation experiment on a selected non‐solvent‐solvent‐polymer ternary system is carried out to verify the model as well as the numerical method. The dynamic simulation results are analyzed and discussed. At the end of the article, h‐refinement and p‐refinement are used to confirm the spatial convergence of the numerical solutions. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 62: 3432–3440, 2016     

混凝—磁分离—电化学技术处理压裂返排液研究

对页岩气开采中压裂返排液的组成、特性及处理现状进行分析,提出采用破胶混凝—磁分离—电化学催化氧化技术处理压裂返排液。研究得到各处理单元优化工艺,其中破胶混凝工艺采用高铁酸钾破胶剂、投加量2 500 mg/L,混凝剂聚合氯化铝铁投加量为2 000 mg/L,反应p H为11.0,反应时间40 min;磁分离工艺采用纳米磁铁粉,投加量4 000 mg/L,高分子絮凝剂阴离子聚丙烯酰胺投加量为20 mg/L;电化学催化氧化工艺采用Ti/Ti O_2作阳极,不锈钢作阴极,氧化电压10.0 V,电流密度1.6×10-2 A/cm2,体系p H为11.0,反应时间30 min。研究结果表明,采用上述技术及优化工艺处理压裂返排液,处理后COD、SS、油、色度、p H等主要指标均达到GB 8978—2002的一级排放标准要求。     

食品添加剂废水综合处理

通过分析食品添加剂废水成分,探讨了现有混合废水处理工艺存在的问题,提出了在现有混合废水处理工艺前增设预处理工序的方案。对混合废水通过Fenton氧化、混凝沉淀等方法进行预处理后,现有污水处理工艺可以正常运行。工艺改造后的运行结果表明:经过预处理的混合废水再经原废水站处理后,出水水质能达到工业园区废水接管标准。由于混合废水得到综合利用,废水排放量也相应减少。     

发制品废水处理技术研究进展

阐述了在发制品废水处理中常用的单元技术,包括微电解法、混凝法、吸附法、高级氧化法和生物处理法,分析了它们的处理机制、处理效果及优缺点,并对处理发制品废水的组合工艺进行了分析。在此基础上指出优化适合发制品废水特点的高效混凝、高效厌氧、强化硝化、高级氧化等单元技术,并进行合理的技术集成是今后发制品废水处理的发展方向。     

Co-Production of Fungal Biomass Derived Constituents and Ethanol from Citrus Wastes Free Sugars without Auxiliary Nutrients in Airlift Bioreactor

The potential of two zygomycetes fungi, Mucor indicus and Rhizopus oryzae, in assimilating citrus waste free sugars (CWFS) and producing fungal chitosan, oil, and protein as well as ethanol was investigated. Extraction of free sugars from citrus waste can reduce its environmental impact by decreasing the possibility of wild microorganisms growth and formation of bad odors, a typical problem facing the citrus industries. A total sugar concentration of 25.1 g/L was obtained by water extraction of citrus waste at room temperature, used for fungal cultivation in shake flasks and airlift bioreactor with no additional nutrients. In shake flasks cultivations, the fungi were only able to assimilate glucose, while fructose remained almost intact. In contrast, the cultivation of M. indicus and R. oryzae in the four-liter airlift bioreactor resulted in the consumption of almost all sugars and production of 250 and 280 g fungal biomass per kg of consumed sugar, respectively. These biomasses correspondingly contained 40% and 51% protein and 9.8% and 4.4% oil. Furthermore, the fungal cell walls, obtained after removing the alkali soluble fraction of the fungi, contained 0.61 and 0.69 g chitin and chitosan per g of cell wall for M. indicus and R. oryzae, respectively. Moreover, the maximum ethanol yield of 36% and 18% was obtained from M. indicus and R. oryzae, respectively. Furthermore, that M. indicus grew as clump mycelia in the airlift bioreactor, while R. oryzae formed spherical suspended pellets, is a promising feature towards industrialization of the process.     

Reliable high strength alumina fabricated by DCC-HVCI using submicron calcium citrate complex

Ceramics with high strength and reliability are highly demanded in engineering applications. In this paper, a modified direct coagulation casting via high valence counter ions (DCC-HVCI) method for alumina using calcium citrate complex assisted by glycerol diacetate was investigated. Calcium citrate complex suspensions were prepared by mixing tri-ammonium citrate and calcium chloride in water. Effect of reaction time on the chelating properties of the prepared suspensions was investigated. Concentrated alumina suspensions with a solid loading of 50 vol% were prepared by mixing the calcium citrate complex suspensions and alumina powder at pH of 10.5. Then the suspensions were coagulated by adding 3–6 vol% glycerol diacetate at temperatures of 40–70 °C for 2–6 h. The compressive strength of the coagulated wet samples is in the range 1.1–2.4 MPa. Alumina ceramics sintered at 1550 °C shows homogeneous microstructures with flexural strength and Weibull modulus of 455±17 MPa and 30, respectively.