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31.
在露天矿台阶爆破和边帮预裂爆破中,炮孔深度测量工作对装药和控制爆破效果尤为重要。大多数深凹露天矿炮孔都存在孔内渗水情况,不同岩种不同水环境下炮孔孔底存在不同深度的矿泥或岩碴。矿山孔深测量一般采用加配重的测绳,到达孔底与否以绳是否变松通过测量员感观判别,误差较大。在连续快速多孔深测量时,测量含水含泥或含碴炮孔非常麻烦并且耗时,测绳易沾泥浸水不便清洗,甚至无法准确使用(比如冬季测绳沾水易冻硬)。描述了流量尺的结构组成,阐述了测量原理,建立了流量尺操作规范。露天台阶爆破中炮孔含泥碴含水时,将炮孔深度、炮孔含水高度、孔底泥碴深度和炸药陷入泥碴深度一次性在炮孔外流量尺上可读出。流量尺可反复使用,较测绳操作简单、数据准确、效率高,流量尺制作材料来源广泛、造价低廉,为爆破前装药作业提供准确的炮孔状态数据。 相似文献
32.
Andrej Paul Bertram Schwind Christian Weinberger Michael Tiemann Thorsten Wagner 《Advanced functional materials》2019,29(43)
A nanocomposite material based on copper(II) oxide (CuO) and its utilization as a highly selective and stable gas‐responsive electrical switch for hydrogen sulphide (H2S) detection is presented. The material can be applied as a sensitive layer for H2S monitoring, e.g., in biogas gas plants. CuO nanoparticles are embedded in a rigid, nanoporous silica (SiO2) matrix to form an electrical percolating network of low conducting CuO and, upon exposure to H2S, highly conducting copper(II) sulphide (CuS) particles. By steric hindrance due to the silica pore walls, the structure of the network is maintained even though the reversible reaction of CuO to CuS is accompanied by significant volume expansion. The conducting state of the percolating network can be controlled by a variety of parameters, such as temperature, electrode layout, and network topology of the porous silica matrix. The latter means that this new type of sensing material has a structure‐encoded detection limit for H2S, which offers new application opportunities. The fabrication process of the mesoporous CuO@SiO2 composite as well as the sensor design and characteristics are described in detail. In addition, theoretical modeling of the percolation effect by Monte‐Carlo simulations yields deeper insight into the underlying percolation mechanism and the observed response characteristics. 相似文献
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Pottayil Uma Devi Muralidharan Kannai V. Paulose Jacob Koshy Alathoor D. Damodaran 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》1991,74(10):2679-2682
The percolation behavior of normal-state thermopower, resistivity, and superconductivity have been studied in YBa2 Cu3 O7-δ ─Ag (YBCO─Ag) composite systems. The normal-state resistivity and thermopower show a percolation threshold at a Ag volume fraction ( V Ag ) of 20% to 30%, whereas the superconducting network shows a threshold at a V Ag of ≅70% to 80%. The results obtained from this study show that the YBCO─Ag composite obtained from Ag2 O and YBCO powders is uniformly distributed with Ag and YBCO remaining as separate phases without changing their characteristics. The measurements of thermopower indicate that the normal-state thermopower and phonon-drag thermopower are affected by the Ag addition. The stability of YBCO is increased when it is in composite form. 相似文献
36.
Composites of phenolic resin of novolac type as matrix, with metal particles of Zn as conducting filler, without or with 15% v/v carbon fibers were manufactured by hot pressing. The porosity ratio, the hardness, the flexural and shear strength, and the electrical conductivity of the composites were determined. The percolation threshold was determined based on two models of electrical conductivity versus the content of metal particles of Zn, namely, an analogous to polymer gelation model and the other based on the power law. The composites of carbon fibers combined with Zn particles have higher electrical conductivity than the corresponding without carbon fibers and high strength, lower than that of the composite reinforced with carbon fibers without Zn particles, but still acceptable. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011 相似文献
37.
Preparation and processing of conductive blends based on doped polyaniline (c‐PANI) or tetra‐aniline (c‐TANI) with epoxy resins is described. The dedoping of c‐PANI by the epoxy hardener, in the process of the blend curing, has been investigated by UV–vis–NIR spectroscopy. Classical amine hardeners lead to a quick increase of the blend resistivity during its processing, which can be correlated with the observed spectral features, characteristic of the deprotonation of c‐PANI. For these reasons, for further investigations, BF3‐amine complexes have been selected as curing agents. Using these hardeners and tuning the curing conditions (temperature and time), it is possible to obtain blends with resistivities down to 102 Ω·cm, depending on the type of the epoxy resin used. In general, resins with higher epoxy network densities give c‐PANI‐based blends of lower percolation thresholds. The effect of the c‐PANI processing solvent on the resistivity of the resulting blend is even more pronounced than the epoxy network density. In particular, blends processed from toluene show much higher resistivities than those processed from tetrahydrofuran (THF) of ethylacetate (EA). Above the percolation threshold, c‐TANI‐based epoxy blends show at least three orders of magnitude higher resistivities than their c‐PANI analogues. They are however technologically interesting, because they are not very sensitive to the processing/curing conditions and show lower percolation thresholds. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011 相似文献
38.
Johnny N Martins Taís S Bassani Guilherme MO Barra Ricardo VB Oliveira 《Polymer International》2011,60(3):430-435
Nanocomposites of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were prepared through melt blending in a batch mixer (torque rheometer equipped with a mixing chamber). The morphology, rheological behavior and electrical conductivity were investigated through transmission electron microscopy, dynamic oscillatory rheometry and the two‐probe method. The nanocomposite with 0.5 wt% MWCNT content presented a uniform dispersion through the PVDF matrix, whereas that with 1 wt% started to present a percolated network. For the nanocomposites with 2 and 5 wt% MWCNTs the formation of this nanotube network was clearly evident. The electrical percolation threshold at room temperature found for this system was about 1.2 wt% MWCNTs. The rheological percolation threshold fitted from viscosity was about 1 wt%, while the threshold fitted from storage modulus was 0.9 wt%. Thus fewer nanotubes are needed to approach the rheological percolation threshold than the electrical percolation threshold. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
39.
A modified model of electrical conduction for carbon black‐polymer composites is proposed based on the general effective media theory and the number of carbon black particles per aggregate to describe their nonlinear conductive behavior. In order to consider the interactions between carbon black particles, a simple self‐consistent approach is used to improve the model. Expressions of electrical conductivity and percolation threshold are derived from the modified model. The predicted results of electrical conductivity and percolation threshold are in good agreement with experimental data reported in previous literature. Moreover, the dependences of electrical conductivity and percolation threshold on the number of carbon black particles per aggregate are discussed. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
40.
采用乙烯一醋酸乙烯a共聚物和无机导热填料制备聚合物基导热绝缘复合材料,概述了以逾渗理论为基础的热导率计算模型,并应用所制备的导热绝缘复合材料讨论了逾渗模型的准确性。结果表明,SiC填充的复合材料具有较好的导热性能;填料体积分数达0.5时,复合材料的热导率可达1.86 W/(m0K)。研究表明,简单地运用逾渗理论在预测导热复合材料体系的热导率方面准确性不足,需要进一步考虑实际填料粒子分布与理论假设的差异以及界面相的存在等因素的影响。 相似文献