面源污染的截纳控制技术

根据武汉东湖面源污染负荷分布的时空规律，采用人工草坪、自然生态植被、炉渣—壤土渗滤系统进行面源污染物ＴＮ，ＴＰ的截纳试验．在武汉马鞍山森林公园工程试验成果表明，该项截纳控制技术对防治东湖面源污染具有实效，可供浅水湖泊面源污染的控制与净化工程借鉴。     

优势渗流通道的示踪模拟量化识别方法研究

为有效封堵优势渗流通道,解决注入溶液窜流突进及沿优势渗流通道无效循环对改善油田开发效果以及达到控水稳油的目的具有重要意义。应用数值模拟示踪剂方法研究优势渗流通道的动态反映特征,筛选出影响和标志优势渗流通道存在的主要参数指标并分析其相关特性,制定基于油藏模拟的优势渗流通道判别标准和成果表征,实现定量识别优势渗流通道的方法,对油田开发控水提效具有重要意义。     

Kinetic mobility and connectivity in nanopore networks

Experimental results for methane and carbon dioxide diffusion in coal, as reported in the literature, often lead to diffusion rates of CO₂ appearing to be much greater than that of CH₄. The interpretation sometimes offered that the diffusion coefficient for CO₂ is 1–2 orders of magnitude higher than that of CH₄, violates fundamental principles. Nevertheless, the experimental observations require explanation. In this article, we: (a) Develop simplified models for the fast estimation of transport coefficients. These are compared with comprehensive grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) and molecular dynamic (MD) simulations, collectively defined as molecular simulations (MS), which provide theoretical adsorption isotherms and various transport coefficients based on multicenter potential energy equations. The simplified models are shown to have acceptable accuracies. (b) Use the simplified models to compare diffusivities of CO₂ and CH₄ in carbon nanopores. For all cases examined, the diffusivity of CH₄ is always larger than that of CO₂. (c) Offer two explanations for the apparently contradictory experimental observations (that CO₂ sometimes appears to diffuse much faster than the CH₄ molecule, even though CH₄ is lighter and has smaller adsorption affinity): (i) CH₄ mobility could be significantly reduced by directional forces resulting from irregular pore geometries; and (ii) if pores contain throats with sizes close to the CH₄ molecular diameter, the energy barrier that the methane molecules must overcome to proceed through is much larger than that required for CO₂. (d) Demonstrate that both mobility and connectivity issues can be addressed using kinetic theory in association with percolation analysis. Furthermore, this method of understanding pore networks provides a number of important quantitative measures including percolation threshold, size of largest cluster, shortest path and tortuosity. Separating different transport mechanisms, as we propose here, provides improved insights into the complex transport phenomena that occur in carbonaceous porous media. In many cases, diffusivities reported in the literature with mixed mechanisms are better named “apparent transport coefficients,” because they lump in other unrelated phenomena, violating the fundamental basis of, or mathematical assumptions imposed on, the definition of diffusion. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012     

铺塑防渗技术在尾矿库的成功实践

叙述了最新的铺塑防渗工艺技术，以及首次在尾矿库垂直防渗工程中的应用，铺塑防渗工艺技术使用PE聚乙烯膜作为防渗墙材料，垂直铺入地下，解决了现用尾矿库的渗水污染问题，同时还介绍了该技术的施工工艺，工程质量和检查及效果检测方法，焦家金矿利用铺塑防渗技术有效地保护了森林树木，保护了周围居民的利益，取得了较好的经济效益，环保效益和社会效益，具有进一步推广的意义。     

电缆地层测试流体流动新模型

地层厚度、倾斜和地层的各向异性等均能使地层流体在流动过程中的流线分布发生变形。据此，提出了一种电缆地层测试时由流线分布导出的流体流动新模型。将常规计算的稳态压降、模拟出的各向异性压降与各向同性压降等所导出的渗透率值志井壁取心值进行了比较，结果表明，各向异性压降模拟的渗透率值在－５．０％￣７．５％之间，而常规计算的渗透率值误差则在－１５％￣３２％之间，各向异性模拟的精度要比常规计算量的精度高得多。     

Electrical Percolation Behavior in Silver Nanowire–Polystyrene Composites: Simulation and Experiment

The design and preparation of isotropic silver nanowire‐polystyrene composites is described, in which the nanowires have finite L/D (< 35) and narrow L/D distribution. These model composites allow the L/D dependence of the electrical percolation threshold, ?_c, to be isolated for finite‐L/D particles. Experimental ?_c values decrease with increasing L/D, as predicted qualitatively by analytical percolation models. However, quantitative agreement between experimental data and both soft‐core and core–shell analytical models is not achieved, because both models are strictly accurate only in the infinite‐L/D limit. To address this analytical limitation, a soft‐core simulation method to calculate ?_c and network conductivity for cylinders with finite L/D are developed. Our simulated ?_c results agree strongly with our experimental data, suggesting i) that the infinite‐aspect‐ratio assumption cannot safely be made for experimental networks of particles with L/D < 35 and ii) in predicting ?_c, the soft‐core model makes a less significant assumption than the infinite‐L/D models do. The demonstrated capability of the simulations to predict ?_c in the finite‐L/D regime will allow researchers to optimize the electrical properties of polymer nanocomposites of finite‐L/D particles.     

面砖饰面外墙渗水原因及防治

结合郑州某综合楼工程实践,就常见的面砖饰面外墙渗水问题,分析了产生的原因,并提出了解决问题的一些具体措施,从而确保面砖饰面外墙质量.     

陕西旬阳惠家沟高砷低品位金矿石氰化提金试验研究

砷金矿石属于难处理金矿石之一。通过对惠家沟高砷低品位金矿石采用碱浸预处理－渗滤氰化提金试验，获得了金浸出率８０．１７％的较好指标，为该矿床的开发利用提供了一个工艺条件简单、经济上可行的途径。     

Invasion percolation with inlet multiple injections and the water management problem in proton exchange membrane fuel cells

Liquid water transport in the diffusion porous layers of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) is analyzed as a process of quasi-static invasion from multiple interfacial injection sources. From pore network simulations based on a new version of the invasion percolation algorithm it is shown that a porous layer acts as a two-phase filter: the number of breakthrough points is significantly lower that the number of injection points owing to the merging of liquid paths within the porous layer. The number of breakthrough points at the gas diffusion layer/gas channel interface obtained with this model is consistent with the available experimental observations.     

碱集料反应对混凝土渗流结构的影响

通过交流阻抗测量,得到了描述混凝土渗流结构的4个参数。将水泥净浆、砂浆和普通混凝土的渗流结构参数与它们加入了碱活性集料后的渗流结构参数进行比较,以了解碱集料反应对混凝土渗流结构的影响,并进而了解碱集料反应对混凝土力学性能和耐久性的影响。