碳黑/聚酯纤维非连续性导电行为研究

以熔体纺丝方法制备了碳黑/聚酯(CB/PET)导电纤维,分析了偶联剂对CB/PET纤维渗流阈值和T_g的影响,研究了碳黑含量与CB/PET纤维热性能和导电性能的关系。结果表明碳黑经偶联剂处理后,CB/PET纤维的渗流阈值和T_g均有所降低;碳黑含量对CB/PET纤维的性能影响显著,即随碳黑含量增加,CB/PET纤维的正效温度系数效应向高温移动;当碳黑含量为11%时,CB/PET纤维表现为较明显的正效拉力系数效应。     

TiB2与BN复相陶瓷的渗流模型

试验结果证实,TiB₂与BN复相陶瓷的导电性能符合渗流理论,原料粉粒度配比下,其渗流阀值为V_c%=22.9%;原料粉粒度比的改变将改变渗流阀值,从而改变各配比下的电阻率值;TiB₂与BN在SPS系统中快速烧结,晶粒的尺度比与原料粉的粒度比基本保持一致。     

强随机分布裂隙介质的二维逾渗规律研究

首先以介质中裂隙的方向分布为基础,将孔隙裂隙双重介质分为弱随机分布裂隙介质、分组分布裂隙介质、强随机分布裂隙介质3类。然后将岩体的主要渗流通道——裂隙引入到逾渗研究理论中,以裂隙数量分布分形规律的基础,建立了强随机分布裂隙介质的逾渗模拟方法。通过数值计算的方法研究了强随机分布裂隙介质逾渗现象与逾渗规律,得到了以裂隙分形维数、裂隙数量分布初值、孔隙率为变量的逾渗阈值的数学表达式。     

储层孔隙结构与水驱油微观渗流特征-以安塞油田王窑区长6油层组为例

应用真实砂岩微观模型对鄂尔多斯盆地安塞油田王窑区长6低渗透油层进行微观水驱油实验,并结合薄片鉴定、物性分析、扫描电镜、相对渗透率、压汞等分析测试对储层孔隙结构特征进行深入分析,得出孔隙结构类型与水驱油微观渗流特征之间内在联系,为油田有效开发提供科学依据。研究结果表明,该区储层岩性主要为成分成熟度较低的细粒长石砂岩;主要孔隙类型为残余粒间孔、溶蚀孔和孔隙+裂缝双重孔隙介质3种类型,以残余粒间孔为主,溶蚀孔和裂缝是影响本区微观非均质性的重要因素。实验得出主要的微观渗流类型为均匀渗流、网状渗流、指状渗流3种类型。储层孔隙结构类型与水驱油微观渗流特征关系密切,不同孔隙类型储层对应不同的微观渗流特征;裂缝发育带的水驱油形式取决于孔隙渗透率和裂缝渗透率的相对大小;影响驱油效率的孔隙结构特征主要为储层的孔隙结构非均质性和润湿性。     

两种聚合物在多孔介质中的渗流特性

疏水缔合水溶性聚合物(HAWP)是大分子链中含有少量疏水基团的水溶性聚合物，在模拟某一油藏条件下，研究了HAWP和ASG两种不同类型聚合物溶液在多孔介质中的渗流特性。研究结果表明，由于HAWP分子疏水基团发生分子间缔合作用，形成动态物理交联网络，HAWP溶液表现出很强的流度控制能力；在远离注入端的多孔介质中，HAWP溶液比ASG溶液具有更高的抗冲刷性和降低孔隙介质渗透率的能力。两种聚合物溶液在多孔介质中表现出的不同渗流特性与聚合物的分子结构有密切关系。     

Microsphere‐Assisted Robust Epidermal Strain Gauge for Static and Dynamic Gesture Recognition

A novel and robust epidermal strain gauge by using 3D microsphere arrays to immobilize, connect, and protect a multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) pathway is presented. During the solvent deposition process, MWNTs sedimentate, self‐assemble, and wrap onto surface of polystyrene (PS) microspheres to construct conductive networks, which further obtain excellent stretchability of 100% by combining with commercially used elastomer. Benefiting from its 3D conductive pathway defined by microspheres, immobilized MWNT (I‐MWNT) network can be directly used in practical occasions without further packaging and is proved by tape tests to be capable of defend mechanical damage effectively from external environment. By parameter optimization, the strain sensor with 3 µm PS spheres obtains stable resistive responses for more than 1000 times, and maintains its gauge factor (GF) of 1.35. This thin‐film conductive membrane built by this effective construction method can be easily attached onto fingers of both robot and human, and is demonstrated in sensitive epidermal strain sensing and recognizing different hand gestures effectively, in static and dynamic modes, respectively.     

Nanoscale Charge Percolation Analysis in Polymer‐Sorted (7,5) Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotube Networks

The current percolation in polymer‐sorted semiconducting (7,5) single‐walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) networks, processed from solution, is investigated using a combination of electrical field‐effect measurements, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and conductive AFM (C‐AFM) techniques. From AFM measurements, the nanotube length in the as‐processed (7,5) SWNTs network is found to range from ≈100 to ≈1500 nm, with a SWNT surface density well above the percolation threshold and a maximum surface coverage ≈58%. Analysis of the field‐effect charge transport measurements in the SWNT network using a 2D homogeneous random‐network stick‐percolation model yields an exponent coefficient for the transistors OFF currents of 16.3. This value is indicative of an almost ideal random network containing only a small concentration of metallic SWNTs. Complementary C‐AFM measurements on the other hand enable visualization of current percolation pathways in the xy plane and reveal the isotropic nature of the as‐spun (7,5) SWNT networks. This work demonstrates the tremendous potential of combining advanced scanning probe techniques with field‐effect charge transport measurements for quantification of key network parameters including current percolation, metallic nanotubes content, surface coverage, and degree of SWNT alignment. Most importantly, the proposed approach is general and applicable to other nanoscale networks, including metallic nanowires as well as hybrid nanocomposites.     

Onset of electrical conduction in isotropic conductive adhesives: a general theory

A new theory is introduced for the onset of electrical conduction in isotropic conductive adhesives, based on the observation that conduction is a result of the creation of conducting contacts in metal–insulator composite adhesives. The present theory resolves several prevalently contradicting issues including the onset dependency of electrical conduction on the volume fraction of filler particles, the particle size, the pressure effect, and the type of insulator matrix of an adhesive. The theory also predicts the condition for the occurrence of two percolation thresholds.     

Ionic Conductor Composites: Theory and Materials

The main theoretical concepts on ionic conduction at interfaces, especially the space charge layer model, are summarized in the first part of this review: ion trapping or redistribution leads to charge carrier accumulation, depletion or inversion and, consequently, to conductivity changes in composite materials. Experimental confirmations of the space charge layer model and the complementary percolation model are discussed. Major developments of ionic conductor composite materials over the last 25 years are presented in the second part, including lithium and other alkaline ion conductors, copper and silver ion conductors, di- and trivalent cation and anion conductors, glass and polymer composites. Some future trends and research needs are indicated in conclusion.     

具有溶解气影响的油井不稳定IPR理论曲线的几种计算方法及对比

以不稳定渗爱理论为基础，结合Ｓｔａｎｄｉｎｇ、Ｈａｒｒｉｓｏｎ、Ｋｌｉａｓ等方法给出了无质、双孔、复合油藏等多种模型的不稳定ＩＰＲ曲线及定流压条件下的油井产量计算方法。通过３口井实际资料对比分析，认为不稳定渗透理论与Ｋｌｉａｓ方法结合计算的理论产量与实际产量吻合程度较高，适用范围广，而Ｓｔａｎｄｉｎｇ、Ｈａｒｒｉｓｏｎ方法在表皮系数较大或流压值较高的井中应用效果好。