Two Specific Sulfatide Species Are Dysregulated during Renal Development in a Mouse Model of Alport Syndrome

Alport syndrome is caused by mutations in collagen IV that alter the morphology of renal glomerular basement membrane. Mutations result in proteinuria, tubulointerstitial fibrosis, and renal failure but the pathogenic mechanisms are not fully understood. Using imaging mass spectrometry, we aimed to determine whether the spatial and/or temporal patterns of renal lipids are perturbed during the development of Alport syndrome in the mouse model. Our results show that most sulfatides are present at similar levels in both the wild-type (WT) and the Alport kidneys, with the exception of two specific sulfatide species, SulfoHex-Cer(d18:2/24:0) and SulfoHex-Cer(d18:2/16:0). In the Alport but not in WT kidneys, the levels of these species mirror the previously described abnormal laminin expression in Alport syndrome. The presence of these sulfatides in renal tubules but not in glomeruli suggests that this specific aberrant lipid pattern may be related to the development of tubulointerstitial fibrosis in Alport disease.     

Al2O3/Yttria‐Stabilized Zirconia Hollow‐Fiber Membrane Incorporated with Iron Oxide for Pb(II) Removal

Removal by absorptive ceramic membranes can simultaneously absorb and separate metal ions from water. Alumina/yttria‐stabilized zirconia (Al₂O₃/YSZ) hollow‐fiber membranes, fabricated using phase inversion and sintering process, were deposited with iron oxide by an in‐situ hydrothermal process. The results showed that α‐Fe₂O₃ was produced and incorporated across the membranes. A reduction in flux was recorded with the deposition of α‐Fe₂O_3. However, it improved the adsorption capacity for heavy metal adsorption. The adsorption‐separation test demonstrated that the optimized membrane is able to completely remove Pb(II) ions after two hours.     

膜分离技术处理航天废水

采用膜分离技术对航天废水进行深度净化,整机净化流程为多段梯度过滤,预处理为微米级砂滤及臭氧曝气,经氧化沉淀后的水再经过超滤（UF）处理,此时的出水已可回用于一般冲洗用途;随后,在反渗透（RO）装置中将UF系统的出水再进行深度净化,水质中化学需氧量（COD）、氨氮和偏二甲基肼浓度分别为：< 10mg/L、4.4mg/L和<0.5mg/L,可回用于较高用途。废水深度净化后,污染物被吸附于膜表面,RO膜出现压差不断增加、产水量减少、产水电导略微上升的现象。膜清洗选用0.8mol/L的NaOH和0.5%的84消毒液的混合液作为清洗剂,浸泡28h后清洗效果最佳。实验结果表明膜分离深度净化航天废水工艺的技术可行,经济效益可观,绿色环保,实现了循环经济,可降低航天废水对环境的污染。     

微弧氧化技术在铝、镁及其合金海洋环境防腐蚀中的应用

分析了海洋腐蚀的特点,对比了微弧氧化膜与几种常用防护膜层的形貌和耐蚀性,研究了微弧氧化膜的绝缘性能及其经喷漆、电泳后的耐蚀性能。结果表明:通过微弧氧化在铝、镁及其合金表面生成具有陶瓷组织的氧化膜,然后进行喷涂或电泳处理,可有效防止点蚀、缝隙腐蚀及电偶腐蚀的发生,是海洋环境中铝、镁合金防腐蚀的一条新途径。     

V85Ti10Y5和V85Ti10Cu5氢分离合金组织与性能研究

利用高真空非自耗电弧熔炼炉制备了V85Ti10Y5和V85Ti10Cu5氢分离合金。通过SEM、TEM、XRD、氢渗透实验、PCT吸氢实验、恒压缓冷实验,研究了Y、Cu元素的加入对合金氢渗透性能、氢溶解性能及抗氢脆性能的影响。结果表明:铸态V85Ti10Y5和V85Ti10Cu5合金组织均由V-基体和第二相组成,但前者第二相是弥散分布的富Y颗粒,而后者为既在晶内析出又沿晶界连续分布的铜钛金属间化合物。V85Ti10Y5合金中Y2O3的生成及V85Ti10Cu5合金中部分固溶Cu的斥氢作用和Cu2Ti形成使V中Ti的固溶量减少,进而降低合金中的氢浓度,减小氢固溶产生的内应力,提高抗氢脆性能。V85Ti10Y5和V85Ti10Cu5合金在缓冷过程中均未发生氢脆现象,表现出优异的抗氢脆性能,而且在673 K时的氢渗透率分别为0.139×10-6 mol H2 m-1 s-1 Pa0.5和0.174×10-6 mol H2 m-1 s-1 Pa0.5,是Pd77Ag23氢渗透率的5.5和6.9倍,与商用钯合金相比均展现出较高的渗透率。     

膜蒸馏技术在水处理中的应用

从膜蒸馏技术的膜分离过程、原理、分类、优缺点以及应用领域尤其是在水处理行业中的广泛应用进行了叙述,并指出膜蒸馏技术的应用前景和发展趋势。     

动态膜分离技术及其在污水处理中的应用

介绍了动态膜分离技术成膜机理及影响动态膜性能的主要因素,重点综述了管式陶瓷膜支撑体上形成的动态膜及动态膜膜生物反应器在污水处理中的应用实例,并指出了动态膜技术今后研究和发展的方向。     

10万t/a离子膜烧碱整流系统设备配置

介绍了在10万t/a离子膜烧碱整流系统中的设备配置情况以及它们的作用和特性。总结了整流系统的运行经验。     

膜技术在连续发酵制乙醇中的应用研究

本文对膜技术在连续发酵制乙醇中的应用研究情况作了综述,重点介绍了膜循环发醇器(MRE)。对不同的膜过程、膜组件的形式、微生物种类的影响等作了比较,并简单介绍了循环发酵动力学模型的特征在 MRE 制乙醇中,发酵液中细胞浓度可高达100g(干重)/l,因此在较高稀释率下,基质转化率仍较高,生产率可比间歇发酵提高20倍以上,是非常有开发前途的发酵方法