膜分离技术在石油化工中的应用

通过几个例子介绍了渗透气化、蒸气渗透、气体分离和促进传递等膜分离技术在石油化工领域中的原料纯化、产品分离及末端处理等环节中的应用。     

低温氧等离子体对有机薄膜改性的研究

在氧等离子体中对聚乙烯醇，海藻酸钠，聚乙烯和地苯二甲酸乙二醇脂等有同薄膜有面处理。研究了处理时间，放电电流和气压对膜的亲水性的影响。     

甲醇脱水新工艺研究

介绍了用ＰＶＡ／ＰＡＮ复合膜脱除甲醇中少量水的新工艺，讨论了操作条件对分离性能的影响。     

不同预植晶种法制备NaA分子筛膜及其表征

采用多种预植晶种法在管状ɑ-Al2O3外表面水热晶化制备NaA分子筛膜.使用XRD、SEM对合成的膜层进行形貌表征,并用渗透气化技术考察膜的醇水分离性能.结果表明,采取搽涂-浸渍法在支撑体表面预植晶种,并进行2次4h水热晶化成膜制备的膜性能最好,在343K进料液中乙醇质量分数为90%时分离因子与渗透通量分别为6824和1.40kg/(m2·h).并考察操作温度以及料液水含量对膜渗透汽化分离性能的影响.随料液中水含量的增加,分离因子先升高后下降,渗透通量呈增大趋势;随着操作温度升高,分离因子逐渐降低而渗透通量随之增加.     

渗透汽化过程分离乙醇-水的模型分析

为了预测渗透汽化过程中渗透通量与渗透液中水的质量分数,对分离乙醇-水体系的连续操作错流型渗透汽化过程建立了数学模型,并在特定操作条件下进行了模拟计算,模拟计算值与实验值基本吻合.对渗透物水的质量分数进行了理论计算,并与实验值进行比较,为操作条件的进一步优化提供了理论依据.利用实验数据分别对乙醇和水的渗透通量进行回归,得到了乙醇和水的质量浓度的三次方程,根据该方程可以对渗透通量进行预测.     

壳聚糖/碳纳米管杂化膜的制备及其乙醇/水体系的渗透汽化分离

多壁碳纳米管(MWNT)经硫酸/硝酸混酸处理后,获得的羧基化多壁碳纳米管通过溶液共混制备羧基化多壁碳纳米管/壳聚糖( MWNT- COOH/CS)杂化膜,用于乙醇/水体系的渗透汽化脱水.用FTIR、TEM等表征混酸处理前后的多壁碳纳米管及杂化膜的结构,实验测定杂化膜在乙醇/水溶液中的溶胀吸附行为及其对乙醇/水体系的渗透...     

Polymeric pH-sensitive membranes—A review

Significant progress has been achieved in recent years in the field of pH-sensitive membranes. In many cases, pH-sensitive membranes are systems for which the flux, membrane pore size, and solute rejection ratio may be manipulated by changing the pH. This review summarizes recent developments covering the preparation, pH-responsive properties, and applications in various disciplines. The pH-sensitive groups and the evaluation parameters for pH-sensitive membranes are reviewed and discussed. A variety of preparation methodologies, including blending, pore-filling, surface-grafting, and surface-coating techniques are described, and some of their salient features are highlighted. The flat-sheet form and hollow-fiber form pH-sensitive membranes are reviewed. Membrane pore size change and electroviscous effect are discussed. Furthermore, future perspectives of pH-sensitive membranes are discussed.     

NaA型分子筛膜用于医药工业异丙醇溶媒渗透汽化脱水(英文)

NaA zeolite membranes with 80 cm in length and 12.8 mm in outer diameter were prepared by our research group cooperating with Nanjing Jiusi Hi-Tech Co., China. The influence of dissolved inorganic salts and pH value in the feed of isopropanol (IPA) solution on NaA zeolite membranes was investigated. It was found that both factors exhibited strong influence on the stability of NaA zeolite membranes. A set of pretreatment steps such as pH adjustment and distillation of the IPA solution were proposed to improve stability for pervaporation dehydration. An industrial-scale pervaporation facility with 52 m2 membrane area was built to dehydrate IPA solution from industrial cephalosporin production. The facility was continuously operated at 368-378 K to dehydrate IPA solution from water mass content of 15%-20% to less than 2% with a feed flow rate of 400-500 L·h-1 and an average water flux of 1-1.5 kg·m-2·h-1. The successful application of this facility suggested a promising application of NaA zeolite mem-brane for IPA recovery from pharmaceutical production.     

用于分离DMF/H2O体系的Me-silicalite-1渗透汽化分子筛膜的制备

采用二次生长法制备了用于渗透汽化分离DMF/H2O体系的杂原子取代Me-silicalite-1/α-Al2O3(Me=Co、Fe)分子筛复合膜,通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)和紫外漫反射(UV-Vis)等方法对分子筛膜进行表征,结果表明金属离子进入分子筛骨架。渗透汽化实验显示,金属离子掺杂的silicalite-1/α-Al2O3分子筛复合膜,具有较好的分离性能且优先透过有机胺,有利于工业中DMF溶剂的回收和利用。随着操作温度升高,分离因子减小,渗透通量增加。40℃分离质量分数为5%的DMF/H2O混合液时,Co-silicalite-1/α-Al2O3分子筛膜和Fe-silicalite-1/α-Al2O3分子筛膜的分离因子分别为4.4和2.9,渗透通量分别为0.66和0.84 kg·m-2·h-1。     

A Silicon Microseparator based Pervaporation Process for Separation of Ethanol/Water Mixtures using a Polymer Membrane

Abstract

The selective removal of water from ethanol through pervaporation was demonstrated in a microchannel device using a commercial membrane. Photolithography and dry etching techniques were employed for fabrication of the microseparator with hydraulic diameters of 30 µm to 80 µm. Experiments conducted at 90°C and 2–3 Torr, with Reynolds Numbers ranging from 8 to 91, resulted in an average water and ethanol permeance of 1.2×10^?3 and 8×10^?5 cm³/cm² · s · cmHg respectively. A mass transfer analysis involving Sherwood correlations was used to calculate the theoretical boundary layer resistance. The comparison of overall mass transfer coefficient with the boundary layer coefficients suggests that the membrane was the dominant resistance for this system.