Dehydration of C2–C4 alcohol/water mixtures via electrostatically enhanced graphene oxide laminar membranes

The dehydration of alcohol/water mixtures using pervaporation membranes requires less energy than is required by conventional separation technologies. In this paper, we report electrostatically enhanced graphene oxide (GO) membranes for the highly efficient pervaporation dehydration of C₂–C₄ alcohol/water mixtures. Positively charged molecules were introduced as the interlayer of negatively charged GO layers via layer-by-layer assembly, thereby creating an electrostatic attraction that drives the assembly of GO nanosheets into ordered interlayer channels. The effects of the feed temperature, water concentration, and continuous operation on the membrane transport behavior were systematically investigated. In the dehydration of 90 wt% alcohol/water mixtures at 70°C, the membrane exhibited ethanol/water, isopropanol/water, and n-butanol/water fluxes of 2.35, 2.98, and 4.69 kg/(m² hr), respectively, as well as separation factors for the same mixtures of 3,390, 5,790, and 4,680, respectively. This excellent alcohol/water dehydration performance outperforms those of state-of-the-art polymeric membranes and GO-based membranes.     

Second interfacial polymerization of thin-film composite hollow fibers with amine-cyclodextrins for pervaporation dehydration

High performance thin-film composite (TFC) hollow fiber membranes have been developed for pervaporation dehydration by second interfacial polymerization (SIP) modification with three kinds of amine-functionalized β-cyclodextrin (amine-CDs), which were synthesized by modifying β-CD with ammonia, ethylenediamine (EDA), and tris(2-aminoethyl)amine, respectively. The chemical properties of amine-CDs and SIP-modified TFC membranes were characterized by various techniques. The effects of amine-CD type and SIP parameters (pH or concentration of CD-EDA solution) were studied systematically to acquire the optimized selective layer of TFC membranes for ethanol dehydration. Among all SIP-modified TFC membranes, the one with SIP by 2 wt% CD-EDA aqueous solution (pH = 2) exhibited the most outstanding separation performance with a ultrahigh permeation flux (3,018.0 ± 12.0 g/m² hr) and permeate concentration (98.7 ± 0.2 wt% water) at 50°C (equivalent to separation factor of 415), contributed by the effectively incorporated CD with rich hydrophilic functional groups and intrinsic nanocavities facilitating the passage of water molecules.     

用于分离DMF/H2O体系的Me-silicalite-1渗透汽化分子筛膜的制备

采用二次生长法制备了用于渗透汽化分离DMF/H2O体系的杂原子取代Me-silicalite-1/α-Al2O3(Me=Co、Fe)分子筛复合膜,通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)和紫外漫反射(UV-Vis)等方法对分子筛膜进行表征,结果表明金属离子进入分子筛骨架。渗透汽化实验显示,金属离子掺杂的silicalite-1/α-Al2O3分子筛复合膜,具有较好的分离性能且优先透过有机胺,有利于工业中DMF溶剂的回收和利用。随着操作温度升高,分离因子减小,渗透通量增加。40℃分离质量分数为5%的DMF/H2O混合液时,Co-silicalite-1/α-Al2O3分子筛膜和Fe-silicalite-1/α-Al2O3分子筛膜的分离因子分别为4.4和2.9,渗透通量分别为0.66和0.84 kg·m-2·h-1。     

渗透汽化过程分离乙醇-水的模型分析

为了预测渗透汽化过程中渗透通量与渗透液中水的质量分数,对分离乙醇-水体系的连续操作错流型渗透汽化过程建立了数学模型,并在特定操作条件下进行了模拟计算,模拟计算值与实验值基本吻合.对渗透物水的质量分数进行了理论计算,并与实验值进行比较,为操作条件的进一步优化提供了理论依据.利用实验数据分别对乙醇和水的渗透通量进行回归,得到了乙醇和水的质量浓度的三次方程,根据该方程可以对渗透通量进行预测.     

缩醛改性PVA/PAN复合膜脱水性能研究

以φ(缩醛)＝6%溶液改性的PVA/PAN复合膜为分离膜进行乙酸乙酯脱水试验,考查了温度对膜脱水性能的影响.结果表明,缩醛改性PVA/PAN复合膜的脱水性能优于聚阳离子改性膜、马来酸交联膜以及季铵阳离子改性膜的脱水性能.在346.15 K条件下,脱水195 min可使乙酸乙酯中w(H2O)降至0.03%以下.借助于流体相平衡理论和UNIFAC模型对该体系脱水进行了估算,结果表明:该复合膜适合于乙酸乙酯/水体系脱水.     

壳聚糖/碳纳米管杂化膜的制备及其乙醇/水体系的渗透汽化分离

多壁碳纳米管(MWNT)经硫酸/硝酸混酸处理后,获得的羧基化多壁碳纳米管通过溶液共混制备羧基化多壁碳纳米管/壳聚糖( MWNT- COOH/CS)杂化膜,用于乙醇/水体系的渗透汽化脱水.用FTIR、TEM等表征混酸处理前后的多壁碳纳米管及杂化膜的结构,实验测定杂化膜在乙醇/水溶液中的溶胀吸附行为及其对乙醇/水体系的渗透...     

PDMS中空纤维渗透汽化膜处理含盐有机废水

本文以聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)为膜材料,乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷(VTES)为交联剂,在聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)中空纤维支撑膜表面通过交联反应制备出PDMS/PVDF中空纤维渗透汽化复合膜。采用扫描电子显微镜和全反射傅里叶红外光谱仪表征复合膜的形貌和结构变化。研究了膜对正丁醇-水、异丙醇-水及丙酮-水三种模拟含盐有机废水的分离效果,并考察了温度对膜性能的影响。结果表明:PDMS/PVDF中空纤维膜对这三种模拟含盐有机废水有较好的分离效果,操作温度为40 oC时,膜的渗透通量分别为275.95 g/(m2.h)、322.16 g/(m2.h)、489.76 g/(m2.h),分离因子为37.82、12.60、33.12。     

EC-HBPE渗透汽化膜的性能

以三羟甲基丙烷为核、二羟甲基丙酸为单体,采用准一步法合成了1~5代脂肪族超支化聚酯(HBPE)。将该聚酯与乙基纤维素(EC)共混制备了EC-HBPE均质膜,以苯/环己烷体系为对象,对该共混膜的溶胀行为和渗透汽化性能进行了考察。结果表明,适量3、4、5代HBPE的加入可以在不降低膜分离因子的同时,大幅度提高膜的通量。在苯含量较低(<10%)的料液中,EC-HBPE的吸附选择性略高于EC,而EC-HBPE液的平衡吸附量明显高于EC。     

硅橡胶膜生物反应器乙醇连续发酵传质动力学实验研究

利用新型的硅橡胶平板复合膜构造乙醇连续发酵膜生物反应器,研究了连续发酵-渗透蒸发操作稳态过程的膜传质动力学问题,实验分析了发酵液循环流量、发酵温度、膜表面液体流动模式对膜性能的影响。在长达500h的连续发酵过程中,膜的分离性能维持相对稳定,没有出现膜污染现象。硅橡胶膜对发酵液中的乙醇的原位分离有效地减轻了代谢产物对细胞抑制作用,在发酵过程的前后阶段,膜的总传质系数从5.21×10-7m/s提高到7.94×10-7m/s。膜对实际发酵液的分离性能表现比对乙醇-水模型溶液的高。