缺氧/好氧膜-生物反应器处理高浓度含碳和氮工业废水

采用缺氧 /好氧膜 生物反应器 (MBR)处理高浓度含碳和氮工业废水 ,在缺氧反应器的水力停留时间 (HRT)为 5h ,好氧MBR的HRT分别为 1 5、1 0、6h时 ,考察了系统的同时除碳脱氮性能。结果表明 ,好氧MBR的HRT在试验范围内对系统的处理效果没有明显影响 ,即使MBR的HRT降低到 6h,系统对化学需氧量 (COD)、氨氮和总氮的去除率仍可达到 94%、90 %和 73 %以上 ,出水水质达到国家一级排放标准 ;系统中的生物反应对有机物和氮的去除起主要作用 ,但膜对混合液上清液COD有一定去除 ,主要对相对分子质量大于 1 0万的有机物有截留 ;由于膜的高效截留作用 ,MBR中可保持高浓度的污泥量和高硝化活性 ,确保了硝化反应的高效进行     

山梨酸废水的生化处理

山梨酸生产废水有机浓度高、可生化性好、含盐量高。废水中CODCr为8000-16500mg/L，B/C≥0.5，含盐量≥15g/L。本工程通过淹没式厌氧生物滤池和膜分离活性污泥法处理，CODCr总去除率高达93%-99%，出水CODCr≤300mg/L，达到GB8978-1996《污水综合排放标准》行业二级排放标准，顺利通过当地环保部门的验收。     

两性田菁胶在处理高浓度印染废水中的应用

研究了以聚合硫酸铁(PFS)为主凝剂、两性田菁胶(ASG)为助凝剂处理高浓度印染废水的各种影响因素。实验结果表明：PFS和ASG分别以2000mg／L和100mg／L的复配浓度、pH值接近中性时混凝效果为最佳，CODCr去除率达到80％，色度与浊度去除率均达99％以上。     

好氧管式膜生物反应器处理高含盐有机废水的研究

采用好氧管式膜生物反应器处理不同含盐浓度的有机废水 ,研究结果表明 (1)进水COD浓度在 2 0 0 0～ 30 0 0mg/L时 ,出水COD在 179～ 2 2 3mg/L之间 ,COD平均去除率在 89.5 %以上 ;(2 )MBR处理高盐度有机废水耐冲击负荷的能力较强 ,出水水质稳定 ;(3)当膜的TMP =0 .1MPa,盐度为 1.0 %、1.5 %、2 .0 %时 ,管式膜的稳定运行通量分别为30、2 4、2 1L/ (m2 ·h) ,整个运行过程中没有进行膜清洗     

The future sustainability of water supply in Kuwait

Abstract

The main natural source of water available in Kuwait is the brackish groundwater located in the Kuwait Group and the Dammam aquifers, where the salinity ranges from 4300 to 10200 mg/l and from 2500 to 10000 mg/l, respectively. Limited fresh groundwater resources in Al‐Rawdhatain and Umm Al‐Aish fields, which have a salinity of 359 ‐1737 mg/l, are also available. Most of the groundwater in Kuwait is used for irrigation, domestic purposes, small‐scale industries and for blending with distilled water. Because rainfall is seasonal and less than annual evaporation, the recharge of the groundwater from rainfall is negligible. The objective of this paper is to assess the different water resources in Kuwait in order to make an integrated management plan and to focus on future sustainability. Generally, in the State of Kuwait, there is increasing pressure on the natural water resources because of the exploitation of the aquifers at a rate exceeding that of both the groundwater recharge and population growth (from 1.4 million in 1980 to 2.55 million in 2003). This has lead to the observed decline in groundwater level and to the deterioration of water quality. In the early 1950s, a plan was endorsed in Kuwait to establish seawater desalination plants. By 2005, six desalination plants have been established, with a total capacity of distillation units of 1434.72 ×103 m³/d (315.6 MIGD). However, the gross maximum consumption for the year 2003 reached a value of 1440.17 ×103 m³/d (316.8 MIGD), which is higher than the total capacity of the available distillation units. Given the limitation of conventional water and the shortages of non‐conventional water, along with the increasing population, Kuwait must consider the recycling of wastewater for irrigation, industrial or any other unrestricted non‐potable purpose.     

Redefining the Water Poverty Index

Abstract

The Water Poverty Index (WPI) of arid and semiarid climatic zones is redefined by introducing the contribution of rainfed agriculture into WPI calculations and by making the WPI equation account for diversities in climatic conditions within arid and semiarid zones and for recycled household water used in irrigation.     

基于ANSYS的废水一体化处理设备的有限元分析

对废水一体化处理设备中的沉淀池的过水壁进行分析,得出了简化的力学模型.利用ANSYS有限元软件对简化模型进行了有限元分析,初步得出了位移等值图和应力场等值线图.经过比较,废水一体化处理设备中沉淀池的过水壁设计合理.     

TiO2中空纤维光催化研究及设备设计

利用生物模板法-脱脂棉为模板,于不同温度烧结得二氧化钛（TiO2）中空纤维,利用X射线衍射、扫描电镜等进行表征,研究得出550℃高温下烧结的TiO2中空纤维光催化性能最佳,以浓度为10mg/L甲基橙为目标降解物,在pH值为2,TiO2中空纤维浓度为2.5g/L,紫外灯照射180min后降解率可达90%以上,二次降解率可达77%以上。在此最优实验条件的基础上,设计了一套新型光催化降解有机废水二级处理装置,第一级装置采用TiO2中空纤维作为催化剂,第二级装置采用活性炭和TiO2混合物作为催化剂,实验测试结果较好,极具实际应用与推广价值。     

吸附材料处理含Zn~（2＋）重金属废水的影响因素

考察了废水初始pH值、不同阳离子、阴离子、有机物、共存重金属离子、极端条件等因素对吸附Zn2＋的影响.结果表明,8 h后吸附接近饱和,废水初始pH=6时处理效果最好,Zn2＋吸附容量为3.98 mg/g,去除率为79.6%;Na＋、K＋、Mg2＋、Ca2＋均会抑制Zn2＋的吸附,影响顺序从小到大为Na＋〈K＋〈Mg2＋〈Ca2＋;Cl-、SO24-对吸附Zn2＋抑制作用很小,且Cl-的抑制作用小于SO42-;COD对吸附Zn2＋有促进作用;Pb2＋、Cu2＋共存时,对Zn2＋的吸附有抑制作用,影响顺序为Pb2＋单元体系〈Cu2＋单元体系〈Pb2＋、Cu2＋二元体系;高盐和强酸对Zn2＋的吸附有较大影响,但高温基本无影响.饱和吸附材料的后处理试验表明,在550℃马弗炉中热处理6.5 h,烧失率为75.4%,烧渣中Zn2＋含量为1.75%,与热处理前相比,富集倍数为4.1倍.本文研究成果为吸附法处理含锌重金属废水并回收废水中的重金属提供了重要依据.