A rapid measurement of rutin-degrading enzyme activity in extract of tartary buckwheat seeds

In order to measure rutin-degrading enzyme activity conveniently, we have developed an isoabsorptive spectrophotometric method (ISM) for rapidly monitoring rutin-degrading enzyme (RDE) activity in extract of tartary buckwheat seeds. This technique uses discrepancy in absorbency at 372 nm and 344.5 nm, both of which are isoabsorptive wavelengths of rutin, that allow for calculations of quercetin concentrations, which is the only product of the reaction catalyzed by RDE. With this method, extracts containing RDE from buckwheat seeds were analyzed, and the measured data indicated that the sample contained quercetin concentration of 9.909 μg/ml, 8.04 times and 18.08 times greater than negative control (1.232 μg/ml) and positive control (0.548 μg/ml), respectively. ISM results of measuring rutin-degrading enzyme activity in tartary buckwheat seeds correlate with those of HPLC. However, it is beneficial to HPLC as it presents a more convenient and rapid method.     

Odor Significance of the Volatiles Formed During Deep-Frying With Palm Olein

Palm olein is currently considered to be one of the best options for deep-frying, but as with any other edible oil, during frying, deteriorative reactions produce off-flavor compounds that reduce the oil sensory quality. This study assessed the odor significance of the volatiles formed during 136 h of deep-frying a chicken product in palm olein, aiming to identify potential markers of the oil sensory quality during frying. The volatiles were isolated by solid phase microextraction, and identified by GC–MS. Trained judges assessed the odor intensity and quality of the volatiles formed during frying, evaluating the GC effluents through a GC–olfactometry technique called OSME. Two hundred and eight volatiles were detected by GC/MS in the palm olein after 136 h frying. Of these, heptanal, t-2-heptenal, decanal and t-2-undecenal were identified as potential markers of the sensory quality of palm olein during frying. Hexanal, pentanal and pentane, usually associated with lipid oxidation, showed no odor impact in the GC effluents, and were thus proven not to be good markers of the sensory quality of palm olein when used for a long frying period.     

STRATIFIED THREE PHASE FLOW IN PIPES - STABILITY AND TRANSITION

The stability of stratified three phase flow (water-oil-gas) was analyzed using two approaches: A straight forward Kelvin-Helmholtz stability analysis on the two interfaces termed here the “exact” approach and a simplified approach. 1 n the “exact” approach the two interfaces (water-oil and oil-gas) are perturbed, while in the simplified approach the perturbed interface is only the upper oil-gas interface. Both approaches include the viscous Kelvin-Helmholtz analysis in which the shear stresses are laken into account and the inviscid K H analysis where the shear stresses are neglected.

Comparison with some experimental results suggests that the simplified method is a better predictor of the transition from stratified flow than the “exact” approach, suggesting, perhaps, that the stability analysis on the upper interface alone is preferred.     

Fluorinated membranes as interfaces for application in catalysis

In this work the use of poly(vinylidene) fluoride based membrane as interfaces for the biphasic oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldheyde has been reported. The membranes have been prepared by means of dry-wet phase inversion. Membranes with different surface characteristics have been selected for the oxidation reaction.     

High resolution NMR techniques in catalysis

High resolution NMR techniques are applicable to a variety of aspects of catalysis. Methods for studying homogeneously-catalyzed systems under high gas pressure are described along with approaches for obtaining mechanistic and dynamic information. Many of the same techniques may be applied to heterogeneous catalysis by following the reaction chemistry by gas phase NMR. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

气相氧化铝提高粉末涂料流动性作用的探讨

简单介绍了气相氧化铝的物性、影响粉末涂料流动性的因素,探讨了气相氧化铝能提高粉末涂料流动性的机理。     

相图热力学计算在AM60-XGd镁合金设计中的应用

以相图热力学为基础,计算了Mg-6Al-XGd(质量分数,%,下同)镁合金的垂直截面图,200和500℃的等温截面图。根据相图设计了不同Gd含量的AM60-XGd(X为0%,0.8%,1.2%,1.6%和2.0%)镁合金。并且对不同Gd含量的AM60镁合金进行了显微组织观察、力学性能测试。结果表明,AM60合金组织随着稀土的加入得到细化。合金的抗拉强度和延伸率都得到显著提高。当合金中加入1.6%Gd时,合金表现出最好的显微组织和力学性能。     

电流变材料及其结构设计

对各种电流变材料做了较贩综述，并从结构与性能关系的角度进行了简单的分析，以鱼电流变材料的结构设计。