不同品种鹅肉理化特性及其风味物质的比较分析

选取广东主产区五个品种鹅（狮头鹅、马岗鹅、乌鬃鹅、白鹅和阳江鹅）,分别对其蛋白质、脂肪、水分、蒸煮损失率、质构等理化特性进行测定,并采用固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱（SPME-GC-MS）法对挥发性风味物质进行测定分析。结果表明,5种鹅肉的各理化特性指标间均存在显著差异（P<0.05）,74%的数据绝对值大于0.30,适宜采用主成分分析进行综合评价,通过理化特性的主成分分析提取了2个主成分表征原变量的88.48%的信息,综合排名由高到低为马岗鹅、狮头鹅、阳江鹅、白鹅、乌鬃鹅。5种蒸煮鹅肉共检出61种挥发性物质,其中醛类13种,醇类11种,烷烯烃类27种,酮类5种,芳香烃2种,酯类1种,其他类化合物2种,共有的挥发性风味物质11种。狮头鹅和乌鬃鹅的风味物质最为丰富,含量百分比分别为80.6%和73.77%;尤其己醛、壬醛、庚醛这三种风味物质分别达到46.67%和45.52%,醛类对广东品种鹅肉风味具有较大贡献。通过对不同品种鹅肉综合得分评价分析,为不同品种鹅肉深加工提供理论依据。     

鸡肉肽在美拉德反应中对生成肉味化合物的贡献研究

以鸡肉肽为基础,本实验构建了8组反应体系对鸡肉肽在美拉德反应中生成肉味化合物的贡献进行了研究。结果发现,鸡肉肽在美拉德反应中主要贡献呈坚果香、烤香的吡嗪类物质(增加量14744.1μg/L),进一步贡献体系的肉味。另外,对添加了游离氨基酸Cys的肽美拉德反应体系的研究发现,鸡肉肽可以大幅度促进Cys-木糖体系中含硫气味活性化合物如噻吩类和呋喃硫醇类物质的生成。而鸡肉肽-Leu-木糖体系中吡嗪的生成量大于Leu-糖与肽-糖体系两者之和,进一步说明添加Leu对鸡肉肽-木糖体系中吡嗪的生成具有促进作用。最后,构建不同p H值体系进行反应,结果发现,较低p H值(5.0)对鸡肉肽参与美拉德反应吡嗪的生成具有抑制作用。结合不挥发物的定量分析最终得出,主要分布在200-500u的鸡肉肽在美拉德反应中在较高p H下对食品肉味的形成具有重要的贡献。     

Variations of the chemical composition of clonal black tea (Camellia sinensis) due to delayed withering

The chemical composition of black teas (Camellia sinensis L) varies when the green leaf from which they are manufactured is withered physically to the same degree but for different periods. Caffeine contents progressively increase with prolonged withering time whereas theaflavins decrease due to prolonged withering. Although the sums of group I and group II volatile flavour compounds (VFC) decrease with prolonged withering time, the flavour index (expressed as group II VFC/group I VFC) increases due to prolonged withering. No significant changes were noted in the thearubigin levels with variation in withering time, but the tasters' evaluations were at a maximum for teas withered for 14 h. Subsequently the evaluation decreased with longer withering times.     

Variations in the leaf standard,chemical composition and quality of black tea (Camellia sinensis) due to plucking intervals

Green leaf standard, chemical composition and quality of black tea (Camellia sinensis (L) O Kuntze) change with plucking intervals. Long plucking intervals lead to poor leaf standard with a lot of mature leaves and lower theaflavins, the sum of volatile flavour compounds imparting a sweet flowery aroma (group II volatile flavour compounds), caffeine contents and tasters' evaluations of black tea. The sum of volatile flavour compounds imparting inferior, grassy, green flavour (group I volatile flavour compounds) to tea, however, increases with long plucking intervals.     

基于电子鼻和GC-MS/O技术分析烟用内衬纸挥发性成分

为了更加准确快速地对烟用内衬纸的品质进行评价,采用电子鼻技术对不同厂家生产的真空镀铝转移内衬纸和复合铝内衬纸的挥发性成分进行差异分析,同时利用气相色谱-质谱/嗅闻(GC-MS/O)技术进一步剖析内衬纸气味差异的原因.结果表明,真空镀铝转移内衬纸的整体气味强度高于复合铝内衬纸,且具有油墨味、柚子皮苦味的化合物和具有肥皂泡...     

Thin-film reactions during diffusion soldering of Cu/Ti/Si and Au/Cu/Al<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript> with Sn interlayers

The multilayer thin-film systems of Cu/Ti/Si and Au/Cu/Al₂O₃ were diffusion-soldered at temperatures between 250°C and 400°C by inserting a Sn thin-film interlayer. Experimental results showed that a double layer of intermetallic compounds (IMCs) η-(Cu_0.99Au_0.01)₆Sn₅/δ-(Au_0.87Cu_0.13)Sn was formed at the interface. Kinetics analyses revealed that the growth of intermetallics was diffusion-controlled. The activation energies as calculated from Arrhenius plots of the growth rate constants for (Cu_0.99Au_0.01)₆Sn₅ and (Au_0.87Cu_0.13)Sn are 16.9 kJ/mol and 53.7 kJ/mol, respectively. Finally, a satisfactory tensile strength of 132 kg/cm² could be attained under the bonding condition of 300°C for 20 min.     

In Situ Synthesis of Titanium Nickel Intermetallic Compounds Layer and TiN Coating By Laser Cladding

1 Introduction Laser cladding technology has been widely used in ma- terial processing and tool repairing because it causes little distortion and leads to high quality coatings [1]. Since the appearance ofhigh power diode lasers, the laser cladding is more efficient, economical and flexible[2￣5]. Titanium nickel alloys have excellent properties such as low density, high strength, and high chemical stability, which have promoted their applications in the aerospace, chemical, petrochemical and …     

Zero Thermal Expansion Achieved by an Electrolytic Hydriding Method in La(Fe,Si)13 Compounds

The La(Fe,Si)₁₃‐based compounds have been recently developed as promising negative thermal expansion (NTE) materials by elemental substitution, which show large, isotropic and nonhysteretic NTE properties as well as relatively high electrical and thermal conductivities. In this paper, the La(Fe,Si)₁₃ hydrides are prepared by a novel electrolytic hydriding method. Furthermore, the thermal expansion and magnetic properties of La(Fe,Si)₁₃ hydrides are investigated by the variable‐temperature X‐ray diffraction and physical property measurement system. Fascinatingly, it is found that room‐temperature NTE properties and zero thermal expansion (ZTE) properties with broad operation‐temperature window (20–275 K) have been achieved after electrolytic hydriding. The further magnetic properties combined with theoretical analysis reveal that the improvements of NTE and ZTE properties in the La(Fe,Si)₁₃ hydrides are ascribed to the variations of magnetic exchange couplings after hydrogenation. The present results highlight the potential applications of La(Fe,Si)₁₃ hydrides with room‐temperature NTE and broad operation‐temperature window ZTE properties.     

Highly Efficient Deep‐Blue Electrophosphorescent Pt(II) Compounds with Non‐Distorted Flat Geometry: Tetradentate versus Macrocyclic Chelate Ligands

A new class of deep blue electrophosphorescent Pt(II) emitters have been designed and synthesized. This new class of deep blue Pt(II) emitters employ tetradentate and macrocyclic chelate chromophores to constrain the Pt(II) molecules in a non‐distorted flat geometry in both the ground state and the excited state. The new deep blue emitters do not produce excimer emission, with emission quantum efficiency as high as 95% in 10% doped PMMA (poly(methyl methacrylate) films, and excellent UV stability, compared to the corresponding bidentate Pt(II) emitters. The macrocyclic tetradentate chelate Pt(II) compounds are the first examples of fully sterically constrained deep blue Pt(II) emitters that do not display structural distortion and have a higher thermal stability and a higher emission quantum efficiency than the corresponding non‐macrocyclic tetradentate Pt(II) analogues. A computational study supports that the macrocylic Pt(II) compounds are structurally more stable than the tetradentate Pt(II) molecules. Bright and efficient deep blue electrophosphorescent devices using a macrocyclic Pt(II) emitter have been successfully fabricated with a maximum brightness of 10 680 cd m^?2, maximum external quantum efficiency of 15.4% (at 490 cd m^?2), and Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage (1931) coordinates (x + y ) of less than or near 0.30, respectively.     

Mucoadhesive Phenolic Pectin Hydrogels for Saliva Substitute and Oral Patch

Oral disease is one of the most common conditions worldwide, negatively affecting general health, reducing the quality of life, and often developing into systemic illness. However, the design of therapeutic agents for oral diseases is challenging due to various unique features of the oral cavity, including its wet and dynamic environment and curved shape. Herein, the development of highly biocompatible mucoadhesive functional hydrogels for oral applications is reported, generated by introducing bio-inspired phenolic moieties into a pectin polymer. Pyrogallol-functionalized pectin (Pec-PG) can be crosslinked in situ via autoxidation without chemical agents and readily fabricated as various formulations. Sprayable Pec-PG hydrogel exhibits strong mucoadhesion and outstanding hydration ability ex vivo and in vivo, thus displaying significant potential as a novel saliva substitute for dry mouth. The authors further show that topical application of mucoadhesive Pec-PG patches pre-loaded with corticosteroid significantly promotes the repair of diabetic oral ulcer tissue via prolonged drug release, free radical scavenging, and physical barrier effects. Moreover, similar applications for oral ulcer treatment using a pectin hydrogel modified with catechol (Pec-CA), another phenolic moiety are demonstrated. Together, these findings suggest that mucoadhesive phenolic pectin derivatives can provide highly biocompatible, convenient, and effective hydrogel platforms for treating oral diseases.