Effects of thaumasite on bond strength of reinforcement in concrete

The conditions necessary for the formation of thaumasite are well known and much work is in progress to identify concrete mixes resistant to thaumasite form of sulfate attack (TSA). However, there have been no data to indicate how TSA affects the nature and strength of the bond between reinforcement steel and concrete and hence the load capacity of reinforced concrete elements.

During works to repair and strengthen the thaumasite-affected Tredington–Ashchurch Overbridge in Gloucestershire, sections of column were removed and placed in storage. These column sections presented an opportunity to perform pullout tests on full size TSA-affected structural elements and unaffected control specimens from the same structure. In total 63 pullout tests were performed on plain round reinforcement bars embedded in two unaffected and four TSA-affected reinforced concrete elements. The sections were also characterised in terms of estimated in situ cube strength and depth of softened zone.

A statistical analysis of the experimental results indicates that the bond of the plain round reinforcement bars in the unaffected concrete exceeded that of the plain round reinforcement bars in the TSA-affected concrete. TSA reduced the mean experimental bond coefficient by 24% for corner bars and 10% for other bars, representing an average reduction in mean experimental bond coefficient of 15% for all bars.     

Thaumasite formation in concrete and mortars containing fly ash

Due to recent reports on deterioration of concrete structures, the thaumasite form of sulfate attack has become a subject of study and close investigation. This paper investigates the formation of thaumasite in concrete and mortars containing fly ash. The results show that thaumasite formation can occur within 84 days of exposure to sulfate solutions. High volumes of fly ash can limit or promote thaumasite formation depending on the type of cement used. Thaumasite and ettringite were found among the deterioration products. However, the thaumasite formation in the specimen prepared from sulfate resisting Portland cement was not accompanied by deterioration, except by 50% fly ash addition. The mixtures of Portland limestone cement with 40% fly ash exhibited a very limited thaumasite formation while the mixtures with 50% had no thaumasite at all. It is concluded that thaumasite can also be formed in mixtures incorporating fly ash.     

New UK guidance on the use of concrete in aggressive ground

The UK guidance for specification of concrete in aggressive ground has been revised following the discovery of the thaumasite form of sulfate attack in the foundations to highway bridges in England in 1998. Interim advice was issued in the Report of the Thaumasite Expert Group in January 1999. Following consultation with industry, a new BRE Special Digest 1 was published in September 2001 (to replace Digest 363) and parallel amendments to the current BS 5328 were drafted. New concepts are introduced for ground assessment and concrete specification. Allowance is now made for the oxidation of sulfides in the ground and there is a new classification for the aggressive chemical environment. Concrete specification additionally takes into account the required structural performance level, the carbonate content of aggregates, and the need for additional protective measures. Compatible guidance is being put in place for the UK Highways Agency and for BS 8500, the UK complementary standard to the European Standard BS EN 206-1, which will replace BS 5328 in December 2003.     

低轮FOX分组密码的差分碰撞攻击

This paper presents a method for differential collision attack of reduced FOX block cipher based on 4-round distinguishing property. It can be used to attack 5, 6 and 7-round FOX64 and 5-round FOX128. Our attack has a precomputation phase, but it can be obtained before attack and computed once for all. This attack on the reduced to 4-round FOX64 requires only 7 chosen plaintexts, and performs 242 .84-round FOX64 encryptions. It could be extended to 5 (6, 7)-round FOX64 by a key exhaustive search behind the fourth round. The time complexities of 5, 6 and 7-round FOX64 are approximate to 2106 .8, 2170 .8and 2234 .8, respectively. The attack on reduced FOX128 demands 11 chosen plain-texts, requires 2192one round encryptions in precomputation, performs approximately 276 .5 one round encryptions on 4-round FOX128, and is 2204 .5against 5-round FOX128.     

机密过程模型：一种量化机密泄漏的方法

In this paper, we propose a theoretical-in-formation Confidential Procedure Model (CPM) to quantify confidentiality ( or information leakage ). The advantages of the CPM model include the fol-lowing: 1) confidentiality loss is formalized as a dy-namic procedure, instead of a static function, and described via the “waterfall” diagram; 2) confiden-tiality loss is quantified in a relative manner, i. e., taken as a quantitative metric, the ratio of the condi-tional entropy being reserved after observing the entropy of the original full confidential information; 3) the optimal attacks including exhaustive attacks as well as all possible attacks that have (or have not even) been discovered, are taken into account when defining the novel concept of the confidential de-gree. To elucidate the proposed model, we analyze the information leakage in side-channel attacks and the anonymity of DC-net in a quantitative manner.     

一种基于信号延迟的光网络攻击方式

针对光网络攻击易被发现的问题,提出一种基于信号延迟插入的光网络攻击方式。该方法在不改变链路光学性能的基础上,利用信号延迟在系统中引起较高的串扰,极大的降低了系统的性能。仿真和实验结果表明攻击后目标光链路的误码性能大幅劣化而其光域内参数几乎没有变化,具有较好的隐蔽性和良好的攻击效果。     

Subterranean-SAE算法的条件立方攻击

美国国家标准与技术研究院(NIST)于2018年开始征集轻量级认证加密和哈希算法标准,其中Subterranean 2.0密码套件是晋级到第二轮的32个候选算法之一.Subterranean-SAE是Subterranean 2.0密码套件中的一种认证加密工作模式.2019年,刘富康等人对4轮空白轮(4 blank r...     

基于混沌系统与提升小波的抗剪切攻击的彩色图像盲水印算法

研究了混沌序列、提升小波在彩色图像盲水印中的应用,给出一种新的基于混沌序列和提升小波的抗剪切变换攻击的彩色图像盲水印算法。算法同时采用两种不同的混沌序列,提高了算法的安全性;根据HVS特性使中低频使用不同的算法自适应地嵌入水印,使算法有了很好的隐藏效果;使用提升小波变换提高了算法的效率;对受严重攻击后提取出的水印进行优化处理,使算法有了很好的鲁棒性。实验证明该算法具有较高的效率、较好的隐藏效果、很好的安全性和鲁棒性,尤其在抗剪切攻击方面格外显著。     

基于NetFlow流量分析的网络攻击行为发现

针对当前网络攻击的特点,利用基于NetFlow协议的高性能数据采集模式并结合分布分析、频度分析等流量分析手段,实现了一种通过NetFlow流量分析发现网络攻击行为的方法。     

一种基于离散对数的群签名方案

提出了一种基于求离散对数困难性的群签名方案,该方案可防止群管理员和群成员的联合伪造攻击,与现有组签名方案相比,该方案计算简单,而且要传输的数据量很小,方案比较有效.